The FBI and the Catholic Church, 1935-1962

Notes

283 NO T E S Introduction 1. “Edgar Hoover Calls Irreligion Nation’s Menace,” CR, November 11, 1942, 1; “Chief Crime Specialist Prescribes Old Fashioned Remedy,” NN, April 16, 1948, 8; Tansey, “Chief of the FBI,” Our Catholic Messenger, June 1952, JEHS; Gillese, America’s No. 1 G-Man,” The Magnificat, July 1954, 121. 2. Murray Polner and Jim O’Grady, Disarmed and Dangerous: The Radical Times and Lives of Daniel and Philip Berrigan (Boulder, Colo., 1998), 198, 229; Philip Berrigan, Fighting the Lamb’s War: Skirmishes with the American Empire (Monroe, Maine, 1996), 96; Jack Nelson and Ronald J. Ostrow, The FBI and the Berrigans: The Making of a Conspiracy (New York, 1972). 3. I had planned to include a chapter on the FBI and the Knights of Columbus, the Holy Name Society, and the Catholic War Veterans—organizations of Catholic laymen—but as the book grew longer, the limitations of space prevented doing so. 4. Sanford J. Ungar, FBI (Boston, 1975), 12. 5. Wills, Bare Ruined Choirs: Doubt, Prophecy, and Radical Religion (New York, 1972), 233. 6. Kovel, Red-Hunting in the Promised Land: Anticommunism and the Making of America (New York, 1994). 7. Juster, Disorderly Women: Sexual Politics and Evangelicalism in Revolutionary New England (Ithaca, N.Y., 1994), 11. 8. “The Reminiscences of James B. Carey” (1960), 241, in the Oral History Collection of Columbia University. 9. I have pending requests for Rice’s Pittsburgh Field Office and FBI Headquarters files. 1. The Creation of a Catholic Protestant and Protestant Catholics 1. 94-1-2597; 62-32073; 94-1-9758. These numbers identify FBI Headquarters files obtained by the author, unless otherwise noted, through the Freedom of Information Act. The most common FBI file contains three sets of numbers: the first is the classification number, the second the case number, and the final the serial or 284 Notes to Pages 10–15 document number. Many of the files that I have used, however, have as many as four sets because the classification encompassed so much. For example, 94-1-2597 is Research Matters, Subsection 1, case number 2597 (Georgetown University); 62-32073 is Miscellaneous, case number 32073 (Edmund Walsh S. J.). In 94-120353 -6, used in the next note, 6 is document number 6 in case number 20353 (Holy Cross). Some documents, however, were not, in the Bureau’s terminology, serialized. The best discussion of these matters is Ann Mari Buitrago aned Leon Andrew Immerman, Are You Now or Have You Ever Been in the FBI Files? How to Secure and Interpret Your FBI Files (New York, 1981). 2. L. B. Nichols Office Memorandum for Mr. Tolson, May 23, 1944, 94-1-20353-52; Hoover, “Standards of Law Enforcement,” Holy Cross Alumnus, February–March 1941, 3–4; 94-1-14425; 66-6800-1-102; 94-41038; John T. Madigan to Director, October 10, 1942, 94-1-20353-6. 3. “Ordered desire,” I think, is my phrase, but I could have picked it up from K. A. Cuordileone, Manhood and American Political Culture in the Cold War (New York, 2005). He regularly refers to “sexual disorder.” 4. “Assistant Director J. J. McGuire Jr. Retires from the FBI,” LEB, April 1961, 8; H. H. Clegg Memorandum to Tolson, October 20, 1950, 67-53404-NR [Not Recorded ]; William A. Donaghy, S.J., to Hoover, December 13, 1956, 67-53404-NR (“old friend”). 5. “A Graduate’s Responsibility,” June 29, 1944, 94-1-20353-36. 6. Ibid. 7. Ibid. 8. Broome to Hoover, July 18, 1944, 94-1-20353-52. 9. [Hynes] to Hoover, July 7, 1944, 94-1-20353-41. Hynes’s name was not deleted in this letter when was it was released as a “see” reference. 10. Rubin, “The Traffic in Women: Notes on the ‘Political Economy’ of Sex,” in Rayna R. Reiter, ed., Toward an Anthropology of Women (New York, 1975), 157–210. 11. Philip Gleason, Contending with Modernity: Catholic Higher Education in the Twentieth Century (New York, 1995), 81–85; Joseph R. Preville, “Fairfield University : The Emergence of a Modern Catholic Institution” (Ph.D. diss., Boston College, 1985), 3; Hoover, “Law Enforcement as a Career,” January 20, 1947, 94-120353 -74. 12. 94-1-658. 13. Löwy, Redemption and Utopia: Jewish Libertarian Thought in Central Europe— A Study in Elective Affinity (London, 1992), 6. Also see Lowy, The War of Gods: Religion and Politics in Latin America (London, 1996); James C. Scott, Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition...