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Notes Introduction 1. Ernest Hemingway, Green Hills of Africa (New York: Touchstone, 1996), 70. 2. Green Hills of Africa initially appeared in serial form in Scribner’s Magazine from May to November of 1935. See Audre Hanneman, Ernest Hemingway: A Comprehensive Bibliography (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1967), 151. 3. Malcolm Cowley, “Not Yet Demobilized,” in Ernest Hemingway: The Critical Reception, ed. Robert O. Stephens (New York: Burt Franklin & Co., 1977), 74. Reprinted from New York Herald Tribune Books, October 6, 1929, 1, 6. 4. T. S. Matthews, “Nothing Ever Happens to the Brave,” in Stephens, Ernest Hemingway: Critical Reception, 77. Reprinted from New Republic, October 9, 1929, 208–10. 5. John Dos Passos, “Books,” in Stephens, Ernest Hemingway, 95. Reprinted from New Masses, December 1, 1929, 16. 6. Ernest Hemingway, “How to Be Popular in Peace Though a Slacker in War,” TorontoStarWeekly,March 13, 1920, 11. Reprinted inDateline:Toronto,theComplete“Toronto Star” Dispatches, 1920–1924, ed. William White (New York: Scribners, 1985), 10– 11; Ernest Hemingway, “A Veteran Visits Old Front, Wishes He Had Stayed Away,” Toronto Daily Star, July 22, 1922, 7. Reprinted in Dateline: Toronto, 176–80. 7. Ernest Hemingway, Death in the Afternoon (New York: Scribners, 1960), 2. 8. Charles A. Fenton, The Apprenticeship of Ernest Hemingway: The Early Years (New York: Viking Press, 1954), 50–73. 9. Carlos Baker, Ernest Hemingway: A Life Story (New York, Scribners, 1969), 36–56. 10. See Scott Donaldson, By Force of Will: The Life and Art of Ernest Hemingway (New York: Viking, 1977), 125–43; Jeffrey Meyers, Hemingway: A Biography (New York: Harper & Row, 1985), 22–44; Peter Griffin, Along with Youth: Hemingway, the Early Years (New York: Oxford, 1985), 62–120; Kenneth S. Lynn, Hemingway (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987), 66–100; and James Mellow, Hemingway: A Life without Consequences (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1992), 47–100. 11. Michael Reynolds, Hemingway’s First War: The Making of “A Farewell to Arms” (New York: Basil Blackwell, 1987), 160–80. 12. Bernard Oldsey, Hemingway’s Hidden Craft: The Writing of “A Farewell to Arms” (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State UP, 1979), 54. 13. Robert W. Lewis, “Hemingway in Italy: Making it Up,” Journal of Modern Literature 9, no. 2 (1982): 209–36. 143 14. Charles M. Oliver, “History and Imagined History,” in Teaching Hemingway’s “A Farewell to Arms,” ed. Lisa Tyler (Kent, OH: Kent State UP, 2008), 3. 15. Ibid. 16. Frederic J. Svoboda, “On Teaching Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms in Contexts ,” in Tyler, Teaching Hemingway’s “A Farewell to Arms,”19. 17. Ernest Hemingway, “Introduction,” in Men at War: The Best War Stories of All Time, ed. Ernest Hemingway (New York: Bramhall House, 1979), xiv. 1. Esprit de Corps 1. Arlen J. Hansen, Gentlemen Volunteers: The Story of the American Ambulance Drivers in the Great War, August 1914–September 1918 (New York: Arcade Publishing, 1996), 3. 2. See ibid., 3–55. 3. James Nagel, “Hemingway and the Italian Legacy,” in HemingwayinLoveandWar: TheLostDiaryofAgnesvonKurowsky,HerLetters,andCorrespondenceofErnestHemingway, ed. Henry S. Villard and James Nagel (Boston: Northeastern UP, 1989), 206. 4. Hansen, Gentlemen Volunteers, 28; see also Henry James, The American Volunteer Motor-Ambulance Corps in France: A Letter to the Editor of an American Journal (London : Macmillan, 1914) and Nagel, “Hemingway and the Italian Legacy,” 206. 5. Janet Hobhouse, Everybody Who Was Anybody: A Biography of Gertrude Stein (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1975), 108. 6. Nagel, “Hemingway and the Italian Legacy,” 208. 7. Quoted in Robert W. Bates, letter to “Dear Family,” July 8, 1918, Robert W. Bates Papers, private collection. 8. Charles A. Fenton, “Ambulance Drivers in France and Italy: 1914–1918,” American Quarterly 3, no. 4 (1951): 327. 9. Robert W. Bates, letter to “Dear Mama,” April 19, 1916, Robert W. Bates Papers , private collection. 10. Hansen, Gentlemen Volunteers, 53. 11. Fenton, “Ambulance Drivers in France and Italy,” 335. 12. Quoted in Hansen, Gentlemen Volunteers, 39–40. 13. Malcolm Cowley, Exiles Return: A Literary Odyssey of the 1920s (New York: The Viking Press, 1951), 38. 14. Ibid., 37. 15. See M. A. DeWolfe Howe, ed., The Harvard Volunteers in Europe: Personal Records of Experience in Military, Ambulance, and Hospital Service (Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1916). 16. Hansen, Gentlemen Volunteers, 161–81. 17. Michael Reynolds, The Young Hemingway (New York: Norton, 1998), 14–15; Steve Paul, “‘Drive,’ He Said: How Ted Brumback Helped Steer Ernest Hemingway into War and Writing,” Hemingway Review 27, no. 1 (2007): 31. 18. See Steve Paul, “Preparing for War and Writing: What...

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