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253 Index Adams, Brooks, 194n24 Adams, Henry, 61 Addams, Jane, 5, 11–12, 136, 142, 171–72 African Americans, 55, 60 Ainu, 4, 7, 10, 22, 35–36, 43, 45, 63–64, 76 Alaska, 51, 52, 54 Alderman, L. A., 39 Allies, 3–4, 16, 174–75, 182–83 American Asiatic Association, 144–45 American Board of Foreign Missions, 39 American Home Missionary Society, 48 Andō Fujio, 66 Anglo-Japanese alliance, 67, 162, 182 Anglo-Saxon: and American identity, 19, 22, 44, 49–50, 52, 55, 84, 85, 87, 141; in comparison with Japan, 19, 31–32, 43, 68, 211n47 antiforeignism, 37–39, 94–95, 102 arbitration, international, 156–57 Arena, 52, 57, 58, 59, 69, 145 Atlantic Monthly, 62, 147 Atwater, Elizabeth, 102 Balch, Emily, 5, 12, 136, 171 Barlow, Tani, 106, 116 Bayard, Thomas F., 151 Beijing, 1, 37, 40–41, 61, 86, 102, 126, 127, 178, 182 Bellamy, Edward, 44, 47–50, 71–73 Beresford, Charles, 62 Berger, John, 119–20 Beveridge, Albert, 6, 51, 56–57, 188 Bible women, 91–93 Bird, Rowena, 102 Blaine, James G., 151 Boggs, Pearl, 124 Bolshevism, 185 Bonafield, Julia, 90 Bone, Rev. Charles, 125 Boston, Mass., 47, 201n6 Boxer indemnity, 144, 151 Boxer uprising, 33, 36–40, 42, 94, 101–2, 144, 150–51, 152, 154, 189 boycotts, 152–54 Britain: and Chinese laborers, 175; and colonies, 45, 52, 53, 68, 84, 97; and international diplomacy , 156, 162, 178, 182, 183; as model, 13, 19, 67–68, 139;and opium, 157, 158, and overseas investment, 13; and treaty ports, 26, 61–62; women in, 84, 93, 116, 117, 122 British East India Company, 157 Bryan, William Jennings, 177–78 Bryn Mawr College, 111–12, 114 Buddhism, 25, 30, 71, 73, 128, 155 Cady, Harriet Yates, 83, 98 Campbell, David, 9–10, 22 Canada, 60, 90, 141, 195n31, 197n3 Canton. See Guangzhou Caribbean, 163, 178 Carroll, H. K., 55 Catt, Carrie Chapman, 12, 104, 126–29, 158 Centennial Expedition (1876), 31 Central Asia, 25–26 Chang Chih-tung. See Zhang Zhidong Chang Hao, 110 Chapman, Frederick, 87 Chen Duxiu, 173 China, images of, 28, 29–31, 34, 36, 38–43, 53, 84–86, 118–32, 148, 189 China Maritime Customs Service, 143 China market, 56–57, 61, 84, 143–46, 164–66, 176 Chinese art, 26 Chinese Characteristics (Smith), 27, 28, 86, 90 Chinese Communist Party, 173, 185 Chinese Exclusion Act, 151 254 index Chinese Girls’ School, 107 Chinese Students Alliance, 186 Chinese world order: 10, 15, 21, 22, 24–26, 42, 43; changes in, 1, 70–76, 149–51; in Japanese thinking, 66 chinoiserie, 26 Chinsetsu kidan ehon bankokushi, 35 Chittenden, Miss C. E., 93 Chōshu, 34 Christianity, 29, 31–32, 37–40, 49, 55–56, 147–48, 188; Christian converts, 11, 37, 50, 81, 84–85, 89, 92–100, 106, 177–78; Christian schools, 29, 42, 81, 85, 88–100, 103, 106, 107, 147, 158–59 Christy Girl, 120 Chūgoku, 66–67 citizens: 9, 10, 11–12, 142, 200n53; American, 7, 55, 137, 139, 160–61; Chinese, 3, 8, 11, 74–77, 139, 172; Chinese women as, 104, 107–8, 112, 159; global, 13–14, 136, 159; Japanese, 36, 64, 187 citizenship, 10, 11–12, 36, 46, 55, 81, 142, 152, 200n53 City on a Hill, 23, 49, 51, 60, 149 civilization: Anglo-Saxon, 44, 49; and barbarism , 14, 19, 21–23, 29, 43, 58, 63–64, 70; China as exemplar of, 10, 14, 19, 21, 24–26, 43, 70, 74, 189; in Europe, 28–29; global, 65, 77; hierarchies of, 5, 6, 19, 24, 29–30, 70, 189; Japan as exemplar of, 10, 14–15, 19, 21–22, 30–36, 43, 63–66, 70, 75–77, 189; and race, 50, 55, 60, 64, 87, 159–60, 165–66; spread of, 3, 11, 15, 22, 39–42, 44, 48–60, 68, 83–89, 103, 144–45, 163; U.S. as exemplar of, 7, 14, 19, 21–24, 43, 51–53, 84, 103, 149, 171, 189; women as exemplars of, 11, 124 Cixi (Empress Dowager), 38, 42, 150–51 Clapp, Dwight H., 38, 101–2 Clapp, Jennie, 101–2 colonies: British, 52, 53, 69, 97, 163, 183; Dutch, 53, 97; French, 53, 69, 84, 163; Japanese, 36, 45, 68, 69, 163, 183; Spanish, 51, 60; U.S., 50–60, 141, 200n53, 204n61 colonists, American, 21–23, 35, 59, 69, 197n5 Colquhoun, Archibald, 62 Commercial Press, 109 Confucianism, 14, 21–22, 25, 43, 64–65, 70–74, 76, 159...

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