Falcon and the Eagle: Montenegro and Austria-Hungary, 1908-1914

Index

Index A Abdul Hamid II (Turkish sultan, 1876-1909),69, 102, 167 Abdullah Pasha (Turkish general), 78 Ada Kaleh (island), 257 n.27, 276 n.115 Aegean Sea, islands in, 130, 131 Aehrenthal, Alois Lexa von (baron, after 1909 count; Austro-Hungarian foreign minister, 19061912 ), 163; and origins of annexation crisis, 19-21; policies after annexation, 22-24, 28-29; intervenes for release of Vukotic, 31; policy of regarding Spit, 33-35; and Conrad, 37-39, 94-95; decision to make peace with Turkey, 40-41; efforts to resolve annexation crisis, 43-47,231 n.56; dealings with Tittoni, 47-49; and Kolasin conspiracy, 54; and visit of Austro-Hungarian fleet, 56, 59; and Austro-Montenegrin trade negotiations, 59; and Nicholas's jubilee celebration, 64; and Malissori revolt of 1910, 71, 73; and Malissori crisis ofl911 , 79-80, 8283 ; comments on Sazonov and Neratov, 84; and Turco-Italian War, 86-90, 247 n.24; on Rzanica , 92; strengthens Austrian forces along Montenegrin border , 94; and reform of Montenegrin judiciary, 247 n.26; and Nicholas's visit to St. Petersburg, 96; death of, 97-98; compared to Berchtold, 98 Albania, 99; and annexation crisis, 37-38, 68; Conrad's description of, 66; Roman Catholics in, 6668 , 120, 133, 140, .161 (see also Malissori); Muslims in, 69-70, 73, 133, 161, 251 n.83; AustroItalian rivalry in, 66-67; and Turkey, 68-70 (see also Malissori uprisings); and First Balkan War, 108-13, 116; independence of, 126, 130; and border commissions for, 162, 204; and frontier disputes with Montenegro, 68, 162, 165, 167--68, 188-89, 204, 251 n.83; and frontier dispute with Serbia, 162; and Italy, 208, 275 n.114. See also Scutari Crisis Albertini, Luigi (historian), 122, 157, 175,177,210,230 n.44, 279 n.14 Alexander I (Russian tsar, 18011825 ), 12 Alexander II (Russian tsar, 18551881 ),9, 13 Alexander III (Russian tsar, 18811894 ), 14 Alexander III (pope, 1159-1181), 249 n.44 Alexander Karadjordjevic (prince, later prince regent of Serbia), 17, 62,63,191 Alexander I Obrenovic (king of Serbia, 1889-1903), 17 Anastasija (Montenegrin princess, wife of Russian Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaievich; known as "Stana"), 13,217 n.14 Anglo-Montenegrin Trading Company ,16 Anna (Montenegrin princess, wife of Prince Francis Joseph of Battenberg ), 217 n.14 Annexation Crisis, 13; origins of, 19-21; outbreak of, 22; Montenegro 's initial response to, 22-27; and Montenegrin demands for 327 328 Index Annexation Crisis (cont.) compensation, 22, 25, 28, 32-36; and proposed international conference , 24-25, 29-30; Montenegrin popular protests against, 25-27, 222 n.ll; Austria-Hungary bans Montenegrin newspapers during, 27; Montenegro imposes economic sanctions during , 27, 222 n.22; Montenegrin activities in Hercegovina, 27; first efforts toward Austro-Montenegrin negotiations, 28-30; and Serbo-Montenegrin rapprochement , 30-32, 223 n.36; and Montenegro 's efforts to acquire Spii', 32-36; and Albanians, 37-38, 231 n.56; Austrian and Montenegrin military preparations during, 3639 , 45, 47, 50; policy dispute between Aehrenthal and Conrad concerning, 37-39, 45, 47; Turkish response to, 40; Austro-Hungarian renunciation of occupation rights in Sandzak, 40; AustroTurkish protocol during, 40-41, 42; Austria's relations with Serbia and Montenegro worsen, 41; Russia urges Serbian cooperation , 42-43; Serbia's demands for compensation, 42; Serbia's capitulation , 42-47; Montenegrin response to Russian demarche, 44; German plan to approve annexation , 45-46; Serbian pledges to Austria, 46-47; Montenegro's capitulation , 47-50; Austrians and Muslims of SandZak, 222 n.19; Italy and Russia restrict arms shipments to Montenegro during , 226 n.67. See also names of countries involved in the crisis Arseniev, Sergei Vasilievich (Russian minister at Cetinje, 19101912 ),73,79,81,82,84 Article 7. See Triple Alliance Article 25. See Berlin, Treaty of Article 29. See Berlin, Treaty of Askew, William C. (historian), 261 n.68 Aspern (Austrian cruiser), 264 n.8 Asquith, Herbert Henry (British prime minister, 1908-1916), 139, 140 Augusta Charlotte (of Mecklenburg -Strelitz, wife of Crown Prince Danilo), 171,217 n.14 Austria-Hungary: and South Slavs, 11,202; mobilization plans of, 38, 45, 109, 113-14,292 n.54; policy of keeping Montenegro and Serbia apart, 94; and Aehrenthal's successor as foreign minister, 9798 ; railroad policies of, 122, 12324 ; Post and Telegraph Administration of, 193; -and Albania: during annexation crisis, 37-38; "religious protectorate " and sphere of influence in, 67--u8; and Serb expansionism, 114, 118-19, 121-22, 162; and separate Albanian entity, 118-19, 208; and large...