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Index
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Index abortion, 274 Abramovitsh, Sholem Y. (Mendele MoykherSeforim ), 41–42, 367n12 acculturation: adoption of Russian names, 182, 210, 332, 344; in Russian interior, 59n2, 178, 421–44; Russification, 28, 176. See also assimilation; Jewish identity administrative system: confessional framework, 2, 11, 17, 52n130, 59; cooptation of existing elites and institutions, 2–4. See also rabbinate; registration adoption. See children advice manuals, ix, 262, 266–67, 279–89, 292–93 agriculture: agricultural settlements in Palestine, 40–42, 140, 140n2, 509, 593–99; droughts and famines, xxii, 116, 475, 478, 481n4; farm life in Borovoi Mlyn, 477–78; farm production in Vurke court, 93; industrial expansion of 1885–99 and, 29–30; Jewish agricultural colonies, 440–41; May Laws prohibiting Jewish rural settlement, 30; neglect of farms in Jewish settlements, 10, 473–74; state loans to farmers, 475; state prohibition against hiring Christian farmworkers, 474; tsaddikim paid for blessing fields and crops, 74 Agudat Yisrael, 42 agun, 222–23 agunah (pl. agunot), 83, 103n7, 165, 193n3, 204n28, 218–22, 224–27, 228–29, 467 Ahad Ha’am (Asher Ginsburg), 41, 388 Akimov, Mikhail G., 424, 425n9 Aksakov, Ivan, 30–31, 406. See also Slavophilism alcohol: advice manuals on, 267, 272, 273, 275, 289; consumption, 68, 76, 96, 99, 307, 419, 458–59, 544, 579, 580; illegal Jewish distilleries, 5, 457, 459–66; Jewish stereotype and, 10; restrictions on liquor trade, 439; taxation for, 377, 409, 411n10, 459–66. See also taverns Aleksander hasidic dynasty, 99–100, 101 Aleksandrovich (Romanov), Sergei, 30, 160n1, 178n4, 584 Alexander I (Emperor of Russia), 6, 11–12, 13, 23–24 Alexander II (Emperor of Russia): assassination of, 29, 35, 507, 558–60; as conservative reformer, 25; Garkavy encounter in St. Petersburg, 419–20; Jewish policy, 26–29; maskilic view of, 42. See also Great Reforms Alexander III (Emperor of Russia), 29, 30, 504, 507 Alltagsleben (everyday life), xvii, xx–xxii, 7, 28, 31, 45–47 Amshinov hasidic dynasty, 103n8 Amsterdam, Naftali, 10 amulets and talismans. See folk customs and superstitions antisemitism: Black Hundreds, 585; Book of Kahal, 30; fear of economic domination and, 351, 431; Kievlianin and, 30–31; native resentment of Jewish merchants, 5; official antisemitism, 44–45; Old Believers and, 31, 508, 552–54; Polish anti-Jewish stereotypes, 1; Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 30–31; ritual murder accusations , 31, 45, 507–8, 536–48, 551, 554, 555n3; Slavophilism and, 30–31; theft and violence at Jewish stores, 448–55; World War I and, 45, 46, 433–37. See also pogroms Antokol’, 342–43 architecture and housing: brothels, 337–40; choral synagogue of Berdichev, 64, 71n19; choral synagogue of Poltava, 131–32; courtyards, 170–71, 176; dachas (country houses), 94–95, 283, 399, 420–21, 447; dormitories of state rabbinical seminaries, 22, 412–13; dormitories of yeshivot, 20, 414n3; hasidic court of Tal’noe, 66; houses of melamdim, 172; peasant huts (khaty), 477–78; villa of Vurke rebbe in Otwock, 80, 84–85, 88, 91, 93–97, 101–2 Argentina, 601–2 Arieli-Orlov, Grigorii, 42 Arlozorov, Layzer, 381–82, 385 artisans: apprenticeship, 375–81, 484; artisan guilds, xx, 27, 483–85; artisan labor activism, 564–69; artisan quotas, xx, 27, 483–85; artisan statutes, 564–65; bakers, 483; children of skilled artisans, 483; confectionery factory, [622] Index 572; female artisan labor, 33, 255; handicrafts, 32; hemp scutching and rope making, 486–87; industrialization and, 32–33; overpopulation of, 32; postreform artisan labor, 32–33, 177, 440; residency rights of, 124, 483–86, 507; sausage making, 483; statutes, 564; taxidermy, 483; as “useful” category, 25. See also industrialization; merchants arts: acrobats and masked Jews, 78; calligraphy as school subject, 22, 392, 397, 399; dancing, 285–86; Jewish ritual art, 281, 289n3, 377, 378; theater, 428. See also leisure; music Ascents of Eliyahu (Levine), 9, 104–14, 357 asceticism: of the Gaon of Vil’na, 9, 104–13; Polish hasidic asceticism, 6, 91; in Vurke court, 93, 99 Asch, Yehiel David, 595–96 Asher ben Yehiel (Rosh), 136, 137n1, 198, 199, 223, 321 Ashkenazim, 116, 128n13, 305, 326, 380n4, 414n2 assimilation: conscription as vehicle for, 508; critique of assimilation in America, 608–11; Nicholas I integrationist policy, 14; sliianie (“merging”), 23, 26, 507; World War I and, 45; Zinaida Poliakova account of, xvii, 26, 399–400. See also acculturation; conversion (to Christianity) Axelrod, Pavel, 35 Azef, Evno, 36, 583–84, 591n8, 592n14 Baal Shem Tov (Israel ben Eliezer [Besht]), 6–7, 49n37, 64, 66, 68, 70 Bedersi, Yedaiah, 360, 367n13 Beilis ritual murder trial...