Time and the Digital: Connecting Technology, Aesthetics, and a Process Philosophy of Time

Notes

197 notes IntroductIon 1. This comes from the eleventh book of Saint Augustine’s Confessions, written between AD 397 and AD 398. This translation comes from The Confessions of St. Augustine: Modern English Version (Grand Rapids, MI: Revell, 1977/2005). 2. See Don Ihde, Technology and the Lifeworld: From Garden to Earth (Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 1990); Stephen Kern, The Culture of Time and Space, 1880–1918 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003); Wolfgang Schivelbusch , The Railway Journey: The Industrialization of Time and Space in the 19th Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977/1987); and Manuel Castells, The Rise of the Networked Society (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1996). 3. David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1990), 241. 4. For example, see Sherry Turkle, Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997). 5. Charles Soukup, “Computer-Mediated Communication as a Virtual Third Place: Building Oldenburg’s Great Good Places on the World Wide Web,” New Media and Society 8, no. 3 (2006): 432; Lori Kendall, Hanging out in the Virtual Pub (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002), 233. 6. See Nick Couldry and Anna McCarthy, eds., Mediaspace: Place, Scale, and Culture in a Media Age (London and New York: Routledge, 2004); and Lev Manovich , “The Poetics of Augmented Space,” in New Media: Theories and Practices of Digitextuality, ed. Anne Everett and John T. Caldwell (New York: Routledge, 2003). 7. A. N. Whitehead, Process and Reality: An Essay in Cosmology (New York: The Free Press, 1929/1978), 189. 8. Whitehead, Process and Reality, 290. 9. Whitehead, The Concept of Nature, (New York: Cosimo, 1920/2007), 29. 10. Henri Bergson, Introduction to Metaphysics (New York: Philosophical Library , 1912/1961), 60. 11. Andreas Broeckmann, “Image, Process, Performance, Machine: Aspects of an Aesthetic of the Machine,” in Media Art Histories, ed. Oliver Grau (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006), 197. 12. Gilles Deleuze, Cinema 2: The Time Image, trans. Hugh Tomlinson and Robert Galeta (London: Continuum, 1985/2005), 80. 13. Deleuze, Cinema 2: The Time Image, 80. 14. Adrian Mackenzie, Transductions: Bodies and Machines at Speed (London and New York: Continuum, 2002), 89. 198 Notes to Page 6 15. The links between Deleuze’s and Whitehead’s thought are beginning to be investigated more rigorously. For instance, in 2007 the Whitehead Research Project ’s Event and Decision conference provided an opportunity to explore these theoretical connections. In particular, this conference sought to uncover Whitehead’s thought enfolded in Deleuze’s and Badiou’s. See, for instance, Jeffrey Bell, “Fear of Politics: Deleuze, Whitehead and the Truth of Badiou.” Paper presented at Event and Decision: Ontology and Politics in Badiou, Deleuze and Whitehead (Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA: 2007); Catherine Keller, “Complicities: Folding the Event in Whitehead and Deleuze.” Paper presented at Event and Decision : Ontology and Politics in Badiou, Deleuze and Whitehead (Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA: 2007). IsabelleStengers has written on the Whitehead /Deleuze connection, indicating the ways in which valuable concepts can emerge from placing the two thinkers in relation to each other (see Stengers, “Entre Deleuze et Whitehead,” in Gilles Deleuze: une vie philosophique, edited by Eric Alliez [Paris: Les empecheurs de penser en rond, 1998], 325–32). In addition James Williams has also written on the connection, firstly tracing the possible crossovers in the thinkers’ separate philosophical approaches and also using the two thinkers ’ individual concepts in concert to produce a novel paradigm through which to analyze literary texts as well as political and social phenomena. (See, for instance, James Williams, “How to Be Bicameral: Reading William Connolly’s Pluralism with Whitehead and Deleuze,” British Journal of Politics and International Relations 10 (2008); James Williams, “Deleuze and Whitehead: The Concept of Reciprocal Determination,” in Deleuze, Whitehead and the Transformation of Metaphysics, ed. A. Cloots and K. Robinson (Brussels: Konklijke Vlaamse Academie Van Belgie Voor Wetenschaapen En Kusten, 2005). As well as this, Steven Shaviro has written on the Whitehead/Deleuze connection, tracing the ways that their thought may be used to rethink questions of aesthetics. See Shaviro, Without Criteria: Kant, Whitehead , Deleuze, and Aesthetics (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009). 16. James Williams, “Deleuze, Whitehead, Stengers: The Fold, the Leibniz Lectures , and the Free and Wild Creation of Concepts” (cited July 1, 2008); available from http://www.dundee.ac.uk/philosophy/staff/williams/Deleuze_Whitehead _Stengers.pdf. 17. Deleuze’s link to Whitehead can be firstly seen in his association with his teacher and colleague Jean Wahl...