Jews and Race: Writings on Identity and Difference, 1880–1940

Index

Index Page numbers in italics refer to tables. Aaron (England, thirteenth century), 123 Abraham, 31, 31n43, 167–68n10, 205–6 Abyssinian Jews, 51, 66, 235 Achaeans, 215 Adler, Cyrus, 229–31, 235 Adler, Hermann, 6 Afghans, 10 African Americans, xxxviii (n. 20), 140. See also Negro race Akkado-Sumerians, 212 alcoholism, xxv, 103, 110, 112–13, 116, 140, 244–45 Alexander the Great, 195, 199, 215 Algeria, 64, 65, 98, 101, 101 Allen, Grant, 188, 188n16 Alpine race, 25, 39, 40, 80, 212–14 Alsberg, Moritz, 68, 70, 78, 163, 164, 166–68, 167–68n10 Amalakites, 167 Amenophis III, 211–12 Ammonites, 167 Amorites: overview, 29–32; Aryan Amorites hypothesis, 88–89, 168; Canaanites relationship with, 26, 30–31n42; Jewish descendency from, 78, 246; Jewish intermarriage with, 175–76; physical description of, 88, 198; racial status of, 215; settlement of, 175–76, 212–13 Andree, Richard, 78 anthropology: overview, 41, 53; anthropological perspective on race, 159–60, 192–93, 196; Biblical evidence and, 41, 53–54, 165–68, 204–5; medical pathology as emergent from, 121; special role of Jews in, 43–44. See also anthropometry; sociology anthropometry: overview, 5–6, 54–55; brain measurement overview, 71–79; description of southern Russian Jews, 76–77; New York City study, 22; physical traits of ancient Jews, 33–36, 33–35; reliability of, 28; short-headedness issue, 78–79, 168. See also anthropology antisemitism: Aramaic physiognomy as basis for, 34–35; Aryans role in, xxxii; cultural response to, 189, 220–22, 256–58; emancipation and, 240; environmental argument and, xxvi–xxvii; Germanic/Teutonic race theory and, 254–56; German intermarriage and, 19; immigration policy and, 225–26, 240n41; “Jewish Question” and, 219; political climate for, 23; racial Jewishness as basis for, xxx, xxxiii–xxxiv, 226, 233–35; racial spirit theory and, 189, 193–94; racial theory as counter to, xxiv, xxxi–xxxiii, xxxviii (n. 20); undesirable stereotyping in, 253, 257. See also persecution Arab Jews, 6, 16, 26, 77–78, 162, 179 Aramaeans, 31–37, 33–35, 51, 213, 243 Aramaic language, 33, 213, 215–16 Armenians, 9–10, 151, 154n13 Armenoids, 37–38 Aronson, Aharon, 236 art (depiction of Jews), 47–48, 61, 64, 124 Aryans: ancient Greeks as, 215; Aryan Amorites hypothesis, 88–89, 168; Aryan Palestine thesis, 213–14; European antisemitism and, xxxii, 219; European Aryan vs. non-Aryan representations, 270 | Index 218–19; Jesus as Aryan Palestinian, 190, 213–15; Jewish intermarriage and, 19–20, 68–69, 69n32; racial status of, 194–95, 214–15; Sephardic Jews and, 63 Ashkenazic Jews: overview, 26–27, 63, 70; anthropological perspective on, 196; anthropometric measurements for, 79–80; breast cancer studies of, xxxiv; mentioned, 48; physiognomic description, 64–65, 196; racial classification of, 4; settlement of, 5, 8 assimilation: absence of antisemitism and, 149; adaptation of family names, 9; authentic “Jewishness” and, 259, 265; “defenders of the race” argument and, xxvi; disintegration (loss of racial integrity), xiv, 23, 135–36, 179–80, 183–84; emancipation and, 249; in English-speaking nations, 21–22; immigration policy and, 225–26; racial amalgamation theory and, xxx–xxxi, 253; success/notoriety of assimilated Jews, 186; Zionist view of, 238–42. See also conversion; intermarriage; racial amalgamation Assyrians, 34, 35, 212–13, 243, 247 Auerbach, Elias, 159, 169n12 Australia, 23, 172 Austria, 100, 146, 172–73, 186, 236 Avrutin, Eugene, xxxvii–xxxviii (n. 5) Babylonians, 25–26, 38, 70, 165–66, 167–68n10, 243, 247 Baer, Karl Ernst von, 82, 82n43 Barthold, Vasily, 234 Bastian, Adolf, 67 Bauer, Bruno, 210, 210n23 Bedouins: overview, 31–32, 36–37; anthropological perspective on, 196–98; physiognomic description, 198; racial classification of, 26; racial purity of, 243; similarity with modern Jews, 37–38, 64 Behrend, Henry, 7 Belgium, 172 belonging, 250–51 Beni-Israel, 4, 8, 10 Benjamin, 63 Berber Jews, 51 Bergmann, Eugen von, 7–8 Bernard, Claude, 112, 112n50 Biale, David, xxxiv Billings, John S., 99–100, 102, 112–13, 140 biological science: biological determinism, xxv; biological perspective on race, xiii; biology vs. environment debate, xv; classificatory systems in, xx–xxi, 39n55, 193; Jewish moral history and, 205; Lamarckian biology and, xv; zoological definition of race, 24, 39–40, 191–92, 251. See also genetic race; scientific discourse biostatics, 7–8, 55–57, 109 Bismarck, Otto von, 193–94 Black Jews, 8, 10, 28, 45–46, 67–68 Blechmann, Bernard, 65, 78, 85 blond Jews: Amorites as origin of, 168; blond Semite hypothesis, 89; in England, 45, 68; Germanic origin thesis, 26, 31...