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Notes 1. Duopoly and Its Challengers 1. Richard Winger’s daily blog, Ballot-access.org, June 30, 2008, http://www.ballot -access.org/2008/06/30/maine-democrats-sue-secretary-of-state-to-get-independent -senate-candidate-off-the-ballot/. 2. Copenhagen Document of the Human Dimension of the CSCE (1990), available online at http://idw.csfederalismo.it/attachments/349_Copenhagen%20Document%20 -%20human%20dimension.pdf2 (accessed September 2, 2011). 3. See Richard Winger, “Ballot Access: A Formidable Barrier to Fair Participation,” Ballot Access News (1999), also available online at http://www.ballot-access.org/winger/fb fp.html (accessed August 5, 2011). 4. Tim Rutten, “The Winter of America’s Discontent,” Los Angeles Times, February 5, 2010. 5. Eight percent of respondents in a late September 2008 Washington Post/ABC News poll selected the “Other” label, rather than “Democrat,” “Republican,” or even “Independent ,” to identify their party affiliation. 6. John F. Bibby and L. Sandy Maisel, Two Parties—or More? The American Party System , 2nd ed. (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 2003), 21. 7. Poll commissioned by Unity 08. See “Group Seeks Cross-Party Ticket for 2008,” Online Newshour, May 31, 2006, transcript available online at http://www.pbs.org/ newshour/bb/politics/jan-june06/unity_05-31.html (accessed September 2, 2011). 8. Grace,“Top Question Tuesday Results: Two Parties or More?” IBOPE Zogby International , August 5, 2009, http://www.zogby.com/blog/2009/08/05/top-question-tuesday -results-two-parties-or-more/. 9. See Mark Leibowitz, “The Socialist Senator,” New York Times, January 21, 2007. 10. Data from an unpublished study by Richard Winger. 11. Micah L. Sifry, Spoiling for a Fight: Third-Party Politics in America (New York: Routledge, 2002), 63–141. 12. Ibid., 66–68. 13. Jeremy D. Mayer and Clyde Wilcox, “Understanding Perot’s Plummet,” in Ross for Boss: The Perot Phenomenon and Beyond, ed. Ted G. Jelen (Albany: SUNY Press, 2001), 143. 14. Ibid., 144. 248 Notes to Pages 8–18 15. Steven A. Holmes, “The 1992 Elections,” New York Times, November 5, 1992. 16. Jacob Lentz, Electing Jesse Ventura: A Third-Party Success Story (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2002), 43–44. 17. See Sifry, Spoiling for a Fight, 175. 18. Bush v. Gore, 531 U.S. 98 (2000). 19. David J. Rosenbaum,“The 2004 Campaign; Relax, Nader Advises Alarmed Democrats , but the 2000 Math Counsels Otherwise,” New York Times, February 24, 2004. 20. J. David Gillespie, “Third-Party ‘Spoilers’ Don’t Deserve Punishment,” Atlanta Journal-Constitution, November 12, 2000, op. ed. sect. 21. For example, see Tim Russert’s February 26, 2008, interview of Nader on NBC’s Meet the Press. 22. See Tony Norman,“Nader Deserves More Respect Than He Gets,” Pittsburgh PostGazette , October 23, 2009. 23. “Connecticut for Lieberman Party Nominates Anti-Lieberman Activist for U.S. Senate in 2010,” Ballot-access.org, January 14, 2010, http://www.ballot-access.org/ 2010/01/14/connecticut-for-lieberman-party-nominates-anti-lieberman-activist-for-u-s -senate-in-2010/. 24. For example Lou Dobbs, one of the nation’s sharpest media critics of corporate power and globalization, of free trade agreements and illegal immigration. Dobbs, Independents Day: Awakening the American Spirit (New York: Viking, 2007). Also political consultant Douglas E. Schoen, Declaring Independence: The Beginning of the End of the Two-Party System (New York: Random House, 2008). 25. Ron Paul, The Revolution: A Manifesto (New York: Grand Central, 2008). 26. “Ron Paul’s Appeal,” Washington Post, editorial, January 11, 2008. 27. “Ron Paul, a Republican Outsider, Sets Fund-raising Record,” International Herald Tribune, December 18, 2007. 28. Aaron Gould Sheinin, “Barr Asks Paul to Be His Running Mate,” Atlanta JournalConstitution , September 10, 2008. 29. “2008 Ballot Status for President,”Ballot Access News, November 1, 2008, also available online at http://www.ballot-access.org/2008/110108.html#6 (accessed September 2, 2011). 30. Miller had the strong backing of Sarah Palin. A write-in candidate also won a sheriff ’s race in Sublette County, Wyoming. Other victories included four county-level partisan races won by the Nevada branch of the Constitution Party and various successful (mainly) nonpartisan races by Greens and Libertarians at scattered locations nationwide. 31. For a (critical) commentary on No Labels, see Frank Rich, “The Bipartisanship Racket,” New York Times, December 18, 2010, op. ed. sect. 32. See Thomas L. Friedman, “Third Party Rising,” New York Times, October 2, 2010, op. ed. sect.; also Matt Miller,“Why We Need a Third Party of (Radical) Centrists,” Washington Post, November 10...

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