Out of the Shadows: A Biographical History of African American Athletes

INDEX

Aaron, Hank, 147, 178 Abbot, Cleve, 150, 153–54 Abbot, Jessie, 152 Abdul-Jabbar, Kareem, 186, 254, 293 Advantage Ashe (Arthur Ashe), 289 African American Golf Association (AAGA), 346 Ahearn, Pat, 167 Albany State, 155–56, 158, 160 Albritton, David, 113 Ali, Belinda Boyd, 275–76 Ali, Lonnie, 276 Ali, Muhammad, xi, 133–34, 144–45, 147, 184–85, 215, 223–24, 254, 286, 304, 321; adulation from American public, 273–74; beating of Sonny Liston in rematch, 270; birth of, 263; capturing the heavyweight title from Sonny Liston, 267–69; and changing perception of the black athlete, 276–77; conviction of violation of Selective Service Act, 272; defeat at the hands of Joe Frazier at Madison Square Garden in 1971, 272–73; defeat at the hands of Larry Holmes in 1980, 275; defeat of George Foreman in Zaire in 1974, 273; defeat of Jerry Quarry in 1970, 272; defeat of Joe Frazier in 1974 at Madison Square Garden, 273; defeat of Joe Frazier in 1975 in Manila, 274; early guidance of Archie Moore, 266–67; first boxing lessons, 264; final retirement, 275; loss and return victory over Ken Norton, 273; loss of heavyweight title for third time against Leon Spinks in 1978, 274; loss to Trevor Berbick in 1981, 275; negative aspects of his life, 277–78; private life, 275–76; refusal to enter military service, 270–72; rekindled interest in the champion , 276; relationship to the Nation of Islam, 265, 268–74, 277; stripped of heavyweight title, 272; success as an amateur boxer, 265; and trainer Angelo Dundee, 266 Ali, Rahaman (Rudolph Arnette Clay), 264 Ali, Veronica Porsche, 276 Ali (movie), 276 All-American Women’s Track Field Team, 147 Amateur Athletic Union (AAU), 91, 122–24, 192 Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) National Outdoor Championship, 73, 151 American Dilemma (Myrdal), 287–88 American Tennis Association (ATA), 83–85, 182, 193, 195–96, 198–99, 205, 282 Amherst College, 4, 39, 42–45, 50–51, 57 Anderson, Marian, 82, 111 Anderson, Spider, 3 Andrews, David, 301–2, 307, 309–10, 319, 326–27, 337, 339 Andrews, James, 353 Ashe, Arthur, xii, 185–86; birth of, 282; capturing the U.S. Open title in 1968, 291–92; changing approaches to civil rights, 288–96; death from AIDS, 296; as an example of gentlemanly values in tennis, 286–87; involvement in the antiapartheid movement in South Africa, 294–96; socialization into Victorian notions of manhood, 282–83; Wimbledon victory over Jimmy Connors in 1975, 284–86 I N D E X 4WIGGINS_pages_373-460.qxd 9/12/06 12:06 PM Page 445 Ashe, Arthur, Sr., 282 Ashe, Mattie (Cordell), 282 Arthur Ashe: Portrait in Motion (Arthur Ashe), 289 Auerbach, Red, 227, 229–30, 233 Australian Open (tennis), 279, 285 Baer, Max, 133–34, 140–41 Baillet-Latour, Henri, 119 Baker, Elizabeth, 45, 51 Baker, Josephine, 10, 40 Baker, William J., 112 Baldwin, James, 10 Ballard, Lula, 84, 205 Baltzell, E. Digby, 283, 286–87 Barazutti, Corrado, 283–84 Barkley, Charles, 252 Barnes, Erich, 248 Barnes, Pike, 3 Barrow, Lillie, 134 Barrow, Munn, 134 Bartlett, Ray, 166 baseball: and East-West All-Star Game, 104–8; and Great Depression, 103–5; and interracial contests, 105–6; life in the Negro Leagues, 101–2; racial integration of, 170–75 basketball: connections to blackness in American culture, 307; disciplinary problems in the NBA, 320–21; and incidents of racial discrimination , 228–30; Philadelphia Tribune Girls, 86–92; and questions of femininity, 90 Baylor, Elgin, 307 Bederman, Gail, 281 Bell, Cool Papa, 104 Bennett College, 88–89 Berbick, Trevor, 275 Berkow, Ira, 319 Beyond A Boundary (C. L. R. James), 286 bicycle racing: discrimination against Marshall “Major” Taylor, 24–27; and origins as a competitive sport, 22 Bird, Larry, 321 Birmingham Black Barons (baseball team), 102–3 Birth of A Nation (movie), 55–59 Black, Julian, 135, 138 Black Athletes Hall of Fame, 221 Blackburn, Jack (“Chippie”), 135–36, 138 Black Pelicans (baseball team), 101–2 Black Power: The Politics of Liberation in America (Stokely Carmichael and Charles Hamilton), 290 Black Rage (William Grier and Price Cobbs), 289–90 Blackthink (Jesse Owens), 129 Bob Feller’s All-Stars (baseball team), 107 Bonds, Barry, 276 Borg, Bjorn, 285 Boston Celtics (basketball team), 226–39 “Boston Radicals” (political group), 49–50, 52–53 boxing: and African American fighters, 60–61, 71; and racial symbolism, 63–65 Braddock, James, 133, 138 Branch, Taylor, 236 Brennan, Christine, 339 Breyer, Victor, 31 Briggs, Otto, 86, 88, 91 British Open (golf...