An Epitaph for Little Rock: A Fiftieth Anniversary Retrospective on the Central High Crisis

Notes

Notes Introduction: The 1957 Little Rock Crisis—A Historiographical Essay 1. This essay includes material produced up until its completion in Dec. 2006 and therefore precludes discussion of a number of important works published in 2007 to coincide with the fiftieth anniversary of the school crisis. 2. Overviews of the crisis include Corinne Silverman, The Little Rock Story (University: University of Alabama Press, 1959); Dewey Grantham, The Regional Imagination: The South and Recent American History (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1979), 185–97; Tony Freyer, The Little Rock Crisis: A Constitutional Interpretation (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984); Juan Williams, Eyes on the Prize: America’s Civil Rights Years, 1954–1965 (New York: Viking, 1987), 91–119; and John A. Kirk, Redefining the Color Line: Black Activism in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1940–1970 (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002), 106–38. 3. Michael J. Dabrishus, “The Documentary Heritage of the Central High Crisis: A Bibliographical Essay,” in Understanding the Little Rock Crisis: An Exercise in Remembrance and Reconciliation, ed. Elizabeth Jacoway and C. Fred Williams (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1999), 153–61. See also “Little Rock School Integration, 1957,” Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville, http://libinfo.uark.edu/specialcollections/manuscripts/ integration1957.asp. 4. Wilson Record and June Cassels Record, eds., Little Rock, U.S.A. (San Francisco: Chandler Publishing, 1960); “Fighting Back (1957–1962),” episode 2 of Eyes on the Prize, dir. Henry Hampton (Boston: Blackside, 1987); Clayborne Carson, David J. Garrow, Gerald Gill, Vincent Harding, and Darlene Clark Hine, eds., The Eyes on the Prize Civil Rights Reader: Documents, Speeches, and Firsthand Accounts from the Black Freedom Struggle, 1954–1990 (New York: Viking Penguin, 1991), 61–106; Henry Hampton and Steve Fayer, eds., Voices of Freedom: An Oral History of the Civil Rights Movement from the 1950s through the 1980s (New York: Vintage, 1994), 35–52; “Little Rock, Arkansas,” episodes 11–15 of Will the Circle Be Unbroken? An Audio History of the Civil Rights Movement in Five Southern Communities and the Music of Those Times, prod. George King (Atlanta: Southern Regional Council, 1997). 5. Karen Anderson, “The Little Rock School Desegregation Crisis: Moderation and Social Conflict,” Journal of Southern History 70 (Aug. 2004): 603–36; David Chappell, Inside Agitators: White Southerners in the Civil Rights Movement (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994); Chappell, “Diversity within a Racial Group: White People in Little Rock, 1957–1959,” 135 Arkansas Historical Quarterly (hereafter AHQ) 54 (Winter 1995): 444–56; Pete Daniel, Lost Revolutions: The South in the 1950s (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000), 251–83; C. Fred Williams, “Class: The Central Issue in the 1957 Little Rock School Crisis,” AHQ 56 (Autumn 1997): 341–44. 6. John F. Wells, Time Bomb (The Faubus Revolt) (Little Rock: General Publishing, 1962); Robert Sherrill, “Orval Faubus: How to Create a Successful Disaster,” in Gothic Politics in the Deep South: Stars of the New Confederacy (New York: Grossman, 1968), 74–117; David Edwin Wallace, “The Little Rock Central Desegregation Crisis of 1957” (Ph.D. diss., University of Missouri, Columbia, 1977); Wallace, “Orval Faubus: The Central Figure at Little Rock Central High School,” AHQ 39 (Winter 1980): 314–29. 7. Thomas F. Pettigrew and Ernest Q. Campbell, “Faubus and Segregation: An Analysis of Arkansas Voting,” Public Opinion Quarterly 24 (Autumn 1960): 436–47; Roy Reed, “Orval E. Faubus: Out of Socialism into Realism,” AHQ 54 (Spring 1995): 13–29; Reed, Faubus: The Life and Times of an American Prodigal (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1997); Reed, “The Contest for the Soul of Orval Faubus,” in Jacoway and Williams, Understanding the Little Rock Crisis, 99–105. 8. Orval E. Faubus, In This Faraway Land (Conway, AR: River Road Press, 1971); Faubus, Down from the Hills (Little Rock: Pioneer Press, 1980); Faubus, Down from the Hills, II (Little Rock: Democrat Printing and Lithographing Company, 1986); Faubus, Man’s Best Friend: The Little Australian, and Others (Little Rock: Democrat Printing and Lithographing, 1991); Faubus, The Faubus Years: January 11, 1955, to January 10, 1967 (N.p.: n.p, 1991); Orval E. Faubus, interview with author, Conway, AR, Dec. 3, 1992, Pryor Center for Oral and Visual History (hereafter Pryor Center), University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. 9. Virgil T. Blossom, It Has Happened Here (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1959); Numan V. Bartley, “Looking Back at Little Rock,” AHQ 25 (Summer 1966): 101–16; Bartley, The Rise of Massive Resistance: Race and Politics in the South during the 1950’s (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University...