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Works Cited Allen, Richard L., Michael C. Dawson, and Ronald Brown. “A Schema-Based Approach to Modeling African American Racial Belief Systems.” American Political Science Review 83 (1989): 421–41. Allen, Robert. Black Awakening in Capitalist America. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1970. Anderson, Carol. “Bleached Souls and Red Negroes: The NAACP and Black Communists in the Early Cold War, 1948–1952.” In Window on Freedom: Race, Civil Rights, and Foreign Affairs, 1945–1988. Edited by Brenda Gayle Plummer. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003. Ani, Marimba. Yurugu: An African-Centered Critique of European Cultural Thought and Behavior. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 1994. Appleby, Joyce. Capitalism and a New Social Order. New York: New York University Press, 1984. Ashmore, Harry S. Civil Rights and Wrongs: A Memoir of Race and Politics, 1944– 1996. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1997. Bachrach, Peter. The Theory of Democratic Elitism. Boston: Little Brown & Co., 1967 Baer, Hans A., and Merrill Singer. African American Religion in the Twentieth Century: Varieties of Protest and Accommodation. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1992. Bailyn, Bernard. The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University, 1967. Baker, Ella. “Bigger Than a Hamburger.” In Let Nobody Turn Us Around Voices of Resistance, Reform, and Renewal: An African American Anthology. Edited by Manning Marable and Leith Mullings. 1960. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1999. Baker, Ella. “Developing Community Leadership.” In Black Women in White America. Edited by Gerda Lerner. New York: Vintage Publishers, 1973. Banks, William. Black Intellectuals: Race and Responsibility in American Life. New York: W. W. Norton, 1996. Barnett, Marguerite Ross, and James A. Hefner. Public Policy for the Black Community: Strategies & Perspectives. Port Washington, N.Y.: Alfred Publishing Co., 1976. Bartley, Numan. The Rise of Massive Resistance. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1969. Beard, Charles. An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States. 1913. New York: Macmillian, 1960. Bell, Derrick. And We Are Not Saved: The Elusive Quest for Racial Justice. New York: Basic Books, 1987. 175 Bell, Derrick. Faces at the Bottom of the Well. New York: Basic Books, 1992. Bell, Derrick. Confronting Authority: Reflections of an Ardent Protester. Boston: Beacon Press, 1994. Bennett, Lerone. Confrontation: Black and White. Chicago: Johnson Publishing, 1965. Bercovitch, Sacvan. The American Jeremiad. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978. Berea College v. Kentucky. 211 U.S. 45 Supreme Court 1908. Berry, Mary Frances. “Slavery, the Constitution, and the Founding Fathers.” In African Americans and the Living Constitution. Edited by John Hope Franklin and Genna Rae McNeil. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institute Press, 1995. Pp. 11–20. Berry, Mary Frances, and John Blassingame. Long Memory: The Black Experience in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982. Billingsley, Andrew. Mighty like a River: The Black Church and Social Reform. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Black, Earl. 1976. Southern Governors and Civil Rights: Racial Segregation as a Campaign Issue in the Second Reconstruction. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Bland, Randall. Private Pressure on Public Law: The Legal Career of Justice Thurgood Marshall. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1973. Blyew v. United States. 80 U.S. (13 Wall.) at 585 Supreme Court 1872. Boehm, Randolph, ed. Papers of the NAACP. Frederick, Md.: University Publications of America, 1996. Boehm, Randolph, ed. Records of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Frederick, Md.: University Publications of America, 1995. Boyd, Julian, ed. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Volume 1. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1950. Bracey, John, and August Meir. “The NAACP as a Reform Movement, 1909–1960.” Journal of Southern History 59, no. 1 (1993): 3–30. Bracey, John, August Meir, and Elliot Rudwick, eds. Black Nationalism in America. Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill, 1970. Branch, Taylor. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954–1963. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988. Branch, Taylor. Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years 1963–1965. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998. Branch, Taylor. At Canaan’s Edge: America in the King Years 1965–1968. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006. Brisbane, Robert. Black Activism: Racial Revolution in the United States, 1954– 1970. Valley Forge, Pa.: Judson Press, 1974. Broderick, Francis, and August Meir. Negro Protest Thought in the Twentieth Century. Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill, 1965. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. 347 U.S. 483 Supreme Court 1954. 176 WORKS CITED [3.15.221.67] Project MUSE (2024-04-25 11:16 GMT) Brown, William Wells. “Slavery as It Is.” In Let...

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