The Changing Face of World Cities: Young Adult Children of Immigrants in Europe and the United States

Index

287 Index Boldface numbers refer to figures and tables. academic outcomes. See education outcomes academic tracking. See tracking acculturation, 55. See also assimilation adaptation. See integration Advanced Placement (AP) courses, 78–79, 82, 84–85, 95, 255 affirmative action, 41, 59, 74, 100 African Americans: black immigrants’ identification with, 39–40; discrimination, 103; income, 122, 123; NEET rates, 109–10, 111; neighborhood conditions, 160, 164, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170–72, 173, 174, 175; professional occupations, 117, 118; residential segregation, 157; voting rates, 199 African immigrants, 39 age differences: civic or political participation, 197–98; labor force participation of women, 144–48; labor market outcomes study, 106; NEET rates, 113; neighborhood social disorder perceptions, 174 Alba, Richard, 6–7, 37, 39, 44, 46–49, 51, 225 Algerians, 29, 30, 114–15 allochtones, 31 Amsterdam, second-generation immigrants in: citizenship, 18, 19; co-ethnic friendship, 250; educational attainment, 16, 17, 242, 243; family background, 19; income, 121–26; incorporation into labor force, 127; Islamic leanings, 253; NEET rates, 106–15; professional occupations, 115–21; residential segregation, 102; socioeconomic status outcomes, 242; studies of, 15 anti-immigrant views, 4–5, 97, 217–18 Aparicio-Gomez, Rosa, 14 AP (Advanced Placement) courses, 78–79, 82, 84–85, 95, 255 apprenticeship programs, 98, 101, 107, 241, 248 Asian Americans: assimilation, 48; Chinese immigrants’ identification with, 217; evangelical Christians, 224; neighborhood conditions, 159, 160, 166, 174; Pico Union residents in L.A., 73. See also specific groups assimilation: of Asian Americans, 48; critique of, 56–57; crossnational comparisons, 10, 288    Index organization participation, 201; educational attainment, 17, 76, 242, 243, 245; family background, 19; home ownership, 76; identity and belonging, 218; income, 121–26; incorporation into labor force, 127; Islamic leanings, 253; labor market status, 76; language use, 219–20; NEET rates, 106–15; professional occupations, 115–21; religious identity, 222–23; residential segregation, 161–62, 168, 177; school segregation, 87; socioeconomic status outcomes, 242; studies of, 15; transnationalism, 226, 227; voting rates, 199 Berlin Wall, 161 Berry, John, 209–10 bilingual education, 74, 251 bilingualism, 219 birthright citizenship, 184, 185, 189, 204–5 black immigrants in U.S., 39, 40. See also African Americans Bommes, Michael, 14 Bosnian immigrants. See Yugoslav immigrants breadwinner models, 132, 139–44 Brown, Susan, 13, 156 Brussels, second-generation immigrants in: citizenship, 18, 19; co-ethnic friendship, 250; educational attainment, 17, 242, 243; family background, 19; incorporation into labor force, 127; Islamic leanings, 253; NEET rates, 106–15, 111, 112; professional occupations, 115–21; residential segregation, 102; socioeconomic status outcomes, 242; studies of, 15 Buddhism, 224 59–61; definitions, 8, 46–47; downward assimilation, 97, 128, 162–63, 249; ethnic identity retention, 53; vs. integration, 8, 58; new theory of, 258; racial issues, 38–41; theoretical considerations, 8–9, 36–38, 46–51. See also integration Assimilation in American Life (Gordon), 36, 45 Aussiedler, 29–30 Austria: citizenship, 188, 193, 194, 196; education system, 101, 247; naturalization, 191, 192, 194, 195, 197; Turkish population, 99; Turkish voting rates, 200; university education, 197. See also Linz, Turkish immigrants in; Vienna, second-generation immigrants in baby boomers, 6–7 Barth, Fredrik, 206 Basel, second-generation immigrants in: community organization participation, 201; voting rates, 199 Bean, Frank, 13, 51 Behtoui, Alireza, 14 Belgium: education system, 244; second-generation immigrant studies, 13. See also Brussels, second-generation immigrants in belonging. See identity and belonging Berlin: apprenticeship programs, 101; economic conditions, 102; poverty, 247–48; public housing, 162; residential segregation, 165–68, 177 Berlin, second-generation immigrants in: characteristics of, 210–12; citizenship, 18, 19, 76; co-ethnic friendship, 250; community Index    289 cities: economic restructuring, 6; immigrant outcomes, 10; population turnover, 6; research considerations, 5–6. See also specific cities citizenship and participation, 183–205; access to citizenship, 190–95; in Austria, 188, 193, 194, 196; conclusions, 203–5; and educational attainment, 195–97; in Europe, 18–19, 59, 184–85; and female labor force participation, 133; in France, 18, 33, 187, 193, 194, 204; in Germany, 33–34, 136, 184, 188, 193, 194, 204; in Greece, 184; introduction, 183–85; jus soli, 187, 188, 189, 192–94; and language use, 220; legal issues, 187–90, 204; methodology, 185–87; of parents of second-generation immigrants, 18–19; political and civic engagement, 197–203, 205; research considerations, 185; in Sweden, 188–89, 192, 193, 194; in Switzerland, 137, 188, 193; and transnational activities, 228; typologies, 185–86; in U.S., 18...