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323 Methodological Appendix This appendix provides a deeper introduction to the EEO-1 data that support this book and to the analytic choices we have made. The most complete description of the data can be found in Robinson et al. (2005). The first few sections of this appendix draw heavily on that article. EEO-1 reports are a partial antidote to the near-absence of available time-series workplace data. Because there are now millions of observations , these data allow for disaggregation of segregation trends to the community and industry level as well. In addition, these data have the potential to follow segregation trends in specific workplaces over time, nested in their corporate, industrial, and community contexts. We use the data in this way in chapters 6, 7, and 8. The EEO-1 Data Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and its amendments mandate that both public and private employers submit annual reports on the race-ethnic and gender makeup of their employees to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. These reports include private-sector Employer Information Reports (EEO-1), Apprenticeship Information Reports (EEO-2 and 2E), Local Union Reports (EEO-3), State and Local Government Information Reports (EEO-4), Elementary-Secondary Staff Information Reports (EEO-5), and Higher Education Staff Information Reports (EEO-6) (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 1981). In the past, these data have rarely been available to the scientific community. We focus in this book only on EEO-1 reports of private-sector firms. The ­­ EEOC publishes aggregate statistics based on these data and also uses them for regulatory purposes . Workplace reports are treated by the ­ EEOC as confidential. Access to confidential EEO-1 reports was gained through the use of an Intergovernmental Personnel Act agreement under which Tomaskovic-Devey became 324    Methodological Appendix an unpaid employee of the ­ EEOC for the purposes of conducting this research . As part of that agreement, we are prohibited from identifying individual workplaces or firms. EEO-1 reports contain establishment employment counts of gender by five race-ethnic (white, black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaskan Native) groups for nine occupational categories—officials and managers, professionals, technicians, sales workers, office and clerical workers, craft workers, operatives, laborers, and service workers. In 2007 distinctions between top and other managers were introduced to the EEO-1 survey form. Firms determine the methods used to tally and classify employees within occupations. The preferred method before 2007 was a “visual inspection.” Currently the preferred method is self-identification by the employee. EEO-1 reports also include information on the establishment’s parent company, industry, and geographic location. Finally , each record states whether or not the firm is a federal contractor. There is no information on other characteristics of employees, such as education and tenure, or of jobs, such as training or earnings. Coverage is limited to all private firms with fifty or more employees if federal contractors and one hundred or more employers if noncontractors. Prior to 1983, separate reports were required for contractor firms with twenty-five or more employees and noncontractor firms with fifty or more employees. Firms are instructed that employees do not include temporary or casual employees, but do include leased employees as well as both part-time and full-time employees. In accordance with guidelines established in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, employers use various forms of ­ EEOC reporting. Reporting is contingent on the layout and structure of the firm. A single-establishment firm with one hundred or more employees (or fifty or more employees and a federal contract) files a single-establishment report. In the year 2000, there were 14,065 single-establishment reports. A multi-establishment firm with one hundred or more employees (or fifty or more employees and a federal contract) is required to file a company-wide consolidated report, a headquarters unit report, and individual establishment reports for each establishment with fifty or more employees. It is the case, however , that many firms file establishment reports for workplaces with fewer than fifty employees, and these observations appear among establishment reports. There were 25,410 such firm reports in the year 2000, with individual establishment reports for 158,250 unique workplaces. For the year 2000, there were 224,471 unique establishment reports. Headquarter and individual establishment reports contain geographic, industry, and employment information for each unit with one hundred or more employees or fifty or more employees and a federal contract in the [3.15.218.254] Project MUSE (2024...

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