Muslims in the United States: The State of Research

Appendices

Appendix 1 143 PROPHET MUHAMMAD 570–632 Abu Bakr Umar Usman Caliphs 1–4, 632–661 ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib d. 661 (son-in-law of the Prophet) 4th Caliph of the SUNNIS 661–750, Umayyid Caliphate Damascus, Syria 750–1256, Abbasid Caliphate Baghdad, Iraq 1258–1517 Caliphate in Egypt 1517–1924 Caliphate in Istanbul 1st Imam of the SHI‘A Hasan ibn ‘Ali d. 669 2nd Imam Husayn ibn ‘Ali d. 680 3rd Imam ‘Ali Zayn al-‘Abidin d. 713 4th Imam Zayd ibn ‘Ali d. 740 5th Imam: Zaydis Muhammad al-Baqir d. 732 5th Imam Muhammad ibn Isma‘il d. 775 7th Imam: Isma‘ilis Fatimid dynasty (910–1171) Al-Mustansirbillah d. 1094 Musa al-Kazim d. 794/97 7th Imam: Ithna ‘Ashari Hasan al-‘Askari d. 873 Muhammad al-Muntazar d. 878 (12th Imam, Mahdi - into concealment) Ja’far as-Sadiq d. 765 6th Imam Druze Nizar Al-Musta‘ali Al-Tayyib (into concealment 1130) Prince Karim Aga Khan (49th Imam) Nizari Isma‘ilis, Khojahs Musta‘ali and Tayyibi Bohras, Daudi Bohras SUFIS ca. 700 on with shari‘a, orthodox: Naqshbandi, Suhrawardi, Chishtiyya, Qadariyya, Tusi, Firdausi, Junaydi, Habibi, (also without shari‘a, heterodox) Source: Author’s configuration. Note: This figure is a very rough guide to the divisions within heartland or old world Islam over time in the main lines of transmission. Intended only to assist those who like to refer to names, dates, and descent time lines, it is admittedly incomplete and drawn from numerous sources that sometimes differ slightly with respect to dates and spellings. Appendix 1.A1 Overview of Major Divisions in the Islamic Old World Appendix 2.A1 Major Muslim American Organizations Name Founding Date Founder(s) Initial Location African American Muslim organizations Moorish Science Temple Nation of Islama Ahmadiyyas American Islamic organizations Federation of Islamic Associations (FIA) Muslim Students’ Association (MSA) Islamic Society of North America (ISNA) Islamic Circle of North America (ICNA) American Muslim political organizations American Muslim Alliance (AMA) American Muslim Council (AMC) Muslim Public Affairs Council (MPAC) Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) American Muslim Political Coordinating Council (AMPCC) 1913, 1920s 1930 1920 1953 1963 1982 1971 1989 1990 1988 1994 1999 Noble Drew Ali W. D. Fard, Elijah Muhammad Missionaries from Indian (later Pakistani) sect Lebanese immigrants Arabic-speaking foreign students in the United States Grew out of MSA Pakistani Jamati Islami party ties South Asian leaders Arab leaders Multi-ethnic leaders Arab leaders AMA, AMC, MPAC, and AMPCC East Coast, Midwest Detroit, Chicago East Coast Midwest, Canada Plainfield, Indiana New York Fremont, California Washington, D.C. Los Angeles, California Washington, D.C. Youngstown, Ohio Source: Author’s compilation. Note: This appendix is intended to assist readers who are unfamiliar with the major Muslim organizations in the United States and the many abbreviations used for them in the text. This list necessarily omits many other organizations. a Warith Deen Mohammed, son of Elijah Muhammad, assumed leadership in 1975 and renamed the group World Community of Al-Islam in the West, then American Muslim Mission, then Muslim American Society, then American Society of Muslims (as of 2003). Louis Farrakhan split off and resurrected NOI in 1978; in 2000 Farrakhan began to reconcile with W. D. Mohammed. Appendix 2 145 Appendix 3 U.S. Local and Regional Studies of Muslims in America A T LEAST one publication by each of these authors can be found in the bibliography. See also “America” in the critical survey and bibliography in Haddad, Voll, and Esposito (1991). Boston, Massachusetts Diana Eck Chicago, Illinois Karen Ahmed, Louise Cainkar, E. U. Essien-Udom, Asad Husain and Harold Vogelaar, Craig Joseph, Lowell Livezey, Paul Numrich, Garbi Schmidt, Raymond Brady Williams Cleveland, Ohio Robert Dannin Delano, California Jonathan Friedlander Detroit-Dearborn, Michigan Nabeel Abraham, Barbara Aswad, Barbara Bilge, Gary David and Kenneth Ayouby, Charlene Eisenlohr, Abdo Elkholy, Amaney Jamal, Sally Howell, Anahid Kulwicki and Penny Cass, Ann Chih Lin, William Lockwood and Yvonne Lockwood, Alixa Naff, Anne Rasmussen, Jen’nan Ghazal Read, Karen Rignall, Kim Schopmeyer, May Seikaly, Andrew Shryock, Michael Suleiman, Frances Trix, Linda Walbridge Durham, North Carolina Elise Goldwasser 146 Muslims in the United States Dutchess County, New York Christine Kolars Houston, Texas Denise Al-Johar, Hoda Badr, Michael Fischer and Mehdi Abedi, Raymond Brady Williams Indianapolis, Indiana Steve Johnson Los Angeles, California Mehdi Bozorgmehr, Kambiz GhaneaBassiri, Shideh Hanassah, Ron Kelley, Prema Kurien, Hamid Naficy, Georges Sabagh, Nayereh Tohidi, Barbara Weightman New York...