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| 207 INDEX Nanaandawaabanjigan: Index A Agassiz, Lake, 58 “AIM Song, The,” 13 Algonquian: culture, 59; language, 5 American Indian Movement (AIM), 16, 29–30, 72–73, 152 American Indian Religious Freedom Act, 30 B Banks, Dennis, 29, 73 Baraga, Frederic, 5, 9, 123, 173 Barnouw, Victor, 59, 68, 70 Barthes, Roland, 156 Barton, Gay, 42 Basho, 151, 164 Beidler, Pete, 42 Bellecourt, Clyde, 73 Bellecourt, Vernon, 73 Benton-Benai, Eddie (Bawdwaywidun), 4, 31, 59, 68–69, 73–74 Berkhofer, Robert F., 178 Blackbird, Andrew, 16 Blaeser, Kimberly, 19, 34, 35, 82, 151, 157 boarding school: in Erdrich’s fiction, 48, 50–51; history, 15, 182; as remembered by Johnston, 113, 118, 131; as remembered by Northrup, 81, 85, 87–90 Boyden, Joseph, 33 Broker, Ignatia, 7–8, 30 C Canada: colonial process in, 119–20, 124; and Declaration on Aboriginal Languages, 15; Manitoba, 5, 35, 58, 208 | Index 68, 171; Ontario, 5, 16, 47, 58, 68, 113, 171; Saskatchewan, 5 Canetti, Elias, 167 Cape Crocker First Nations Reserve (Neyaashiinigmiing), 113, 118 Cass, Lewis, 170 Champlain, Samuel de, 5 Chavkin, Allan, 42, 43 Child, Brends, 50 circle: as metaphor for community, 4, 101, 182; as pattern of seasonal migration, 37, 77, 98; as theoretical framework, 2, 40, 48, 54 Circle, The, 41, 81 Civilization Fund Act, 15 clan system: bear, 63; crane, 6, 149–50; fish, 68; history of, 26, 38; role in society of, 61, 133 Copway, George (Kahgegagahbowh), 25–26, 166, 168, 171 Creator (Great Spirit, Gichi Manidoo): as center of spiritual practice, 15, 48, 55, 64, 144; of life and earth, 4, 25, 59, 75, 79, 93, 95, 97, 124; in narrative, 38, 115, 129–35 Cree, 5, 33, 35, 37, 139, 141 D Dakota: compared to Anishinaabe, 54, 62, 100; stories, 26, 43; wars, 27, 58, 71 dance: origin of, 135, 143; for peace, 158 Day, A. Grove, 161 Deloria, Vine, Jr., 2 Densmore, Frances, 156, 161 Dorris, Michael, 41 Dunn, Anne, 20, 31 E earth: creation of, 11, 21, 25, 59, 74, 91; as mother, 4, 74, 111, 129–33; seasons of, 74 energy: of cosmos, 59; human, xvi–xx, 3, 38, 129, 170 Erdrich, Louise: “Turtle Mountain Reservation,” 76 F Fairbanks, Brendan, 14 Fiero, Charles, 9 Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa (Nah-gah-chi-wa-nong), xix, 81 Fond du Lac Reservation Business Committee, 84–85 Fox, 5, 139 French: culture, xvii, 41, 45, 149–50; language, 7, 22, 55, 159; missionaries, 4, 15, 54, 120, 175 Fuhst, Helen, 8 G General Allotment (Dawes) Act, 28, 150 George, Philomene, 30 Gichi Manidoo. See Creator (Great Spirit, Gichi Manidoo) Giese, Paula, 10 Great Lakes: as lake system, 1, 4, 22, 26, 30, 43, 93, 126, 160; nuclear waste in, 108; Superior, 1, 46, 77, 99, 117, 170 Gross, Larry, 173 Grover, Linda LeGarde, 82 Index | 209 H Harrison, David K., 16 Hinton, Leanne, 16 Helbig, Althea, 68, 167, 173 Henry, Alexander, 5 Henry, Gordon, 32, 35 Highway, Tomson, 35 Hill, James Jerome, 45 I Indian Child Welfare Act, 29 Indian Removal Act, 27 Indian Self-Determination Act, 29 J Jameson, Fredric, 177 Jones, Peter (Kahkewaquonaby), 24–26 Jones, William, 26 Jung, Carl, 177 K Keeshkemun, 149 Kimewon, Howard, 31 King, Alanis, 35 Kovach, Margaret, xviii L Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Ojibwe, 29, 69 LaDuke, Winona, 97 Lakota, 10, 13, 29, 43, 58, 77, 151 Landes, Ruth, 91 Larson, Sidner, 61 Leech Lake, 34 Lincoln, Kenneth, 148 linguistics: descriptive, 5–6, 9, 26; discourse analysis and, 3; indigenous, 3; morphology and, 10–11, 123–24, 129; revitalization, 2, 8, 16, 19, 28, 30, 32; socio-, 22, 35, 100–102, 137, 139, 160. See also translation Littlebear, Leroy, 3 Longfellow, Henry: “The Song of Hiawatha,” 24, 104 M Madsen, Deborah, 157 manidoo: basic definition of, 48, 79, 123, 158, 181; in stories, 62, 66, 70, 80, 115, 126–27, 133–49, 185; varieties of, 64, 131, 171–72. See also Creator (Great Spirit, Gichi Manidoo) McGregor, Arthur, 30 memegwesiiwag (maemaegawaehnse), 118, 136, 174 Menominee, 5, 139 Miami, 5 michibizhew, 62, 117, 136 Midewiwin: as described by Johnston, 115, 129; in Erdrich’s fiction, 49, 62, 69–70; in history, 25, 31, 68, 153, 171 Miller, Carol, 114 Minnesota Department of Energy, 108 Mississippi River (Michiziibi), 155, 167, 168 Mitchell, Dane, 152 Muswagon, George, 14 N Nanabozho (Nanaboozho, Wenabozho, Wenebojo): as manidoo, 62–68, 114–16, 130, 143–44, 182; in stories, 210 | Index xix, 28, 29, 31, 37, 43, 56, 59, 74, 91...

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