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APPENDIX C Journal and Letters of Lieutenant James Allen ON MAY 9, 1832, Major General Alexander Macomb issued orders to the Commandant at Fort Brady to have an officer and ten men detailed to accompany the Schoolcraft expedition. At Schoolcraft's suggestion, Lieutenant James Allen was chosen to lead the military detachment and was directed to keep a detailed journal and provide a map of the route. The Lieutenant was meticulous in carrying out these orders and on November 25, 1833, submitted his report to Major General Macomb. The Journal was so excellent in its coverage that the Secretary of War, Lewis Cass transmitted it to the Speaker of the House of Representatives. It was published as House Executive Document No. 323 (23d Cong., 1 Sess., pp. 7-68), and appeared also in the American State Papers: Military Affairs, Vol. V, No. 579, pp. 315-44. A long excerpt from the Journal was reprinted in the New York American, July 19, 1834 (See Appendix F, No.6). Even more significant than the Journal, however, was Allen's map of the route of the expedition which was the first topographical and hydrological delineation of the source of the Mississippi. Its accuracy and detail added much to the knowledge of Wisconsin and Minnesota of that time, as well as giving a day-by-day account of the progress of the trip. The original manuscript map was submitted with the Journal and is now in the records of the Office of Indian Affairs, Record Group No. 77, National Archives. Copies of the map, reduced and drawn by Lieutenant Drayton, accompany the official published Journal. The maps which appeared in Schoolcraft's Narrative to Itasca were also taken from Allen's original. 1. The Journal of Lieutenant James Allen, Expedition of 1832. U. S. House Executive Documents, No. 323, 23d Cong., 1 Sess., pp. 7-68. 2. James Allen to Alexander Macomb, September 13, 1832. Office of the Adjutant General, Record Group No. 94, National Archives. 3. James Allen to Alexander Macomb, Transmittal of Official Journal, November 25, 1833. American State Papers: Military Affairs, Vol. V, No. 579, pp. 313-15. 163 164 Appendix C 1. Journal of Lieutenant James Allen Journal of an "Expedition into the Indian country," to the source of the Mississippi, made under the authority of the War Department, in 1832. June 7.-The party organized for this expedition consisted of Mr. Schoolcraft, who had the principal conduct of it; Doctor Houghton, the surgeon, to vaccinate the Indians; Mr. George Johnston, interpreter; Mr. Boutwell, a presbyterian missionary; and twenty engagees, or Canadian voyageurs, in the employment of Mr. Schoolcraft, and the military part, consisting of myself and ten soldiers, from the companies at Fort Brady: making an aggregate, of the whole party, of thirty-five souls. This party may be considered as divided into two parts; that organized by Mr. Schoolcraft, and under his immediate direction and subsistence, and the escort or military part, under my command. I shall therefore designate the former, throughout this journal, as Mr. Schoolcraft's party, or Mr. S. and party, which will be understood to embrace all excepting the escort, the latter being transported and subsisted under my direction. All our preparations having been completed, we embarked from Saut de Ste. Marie about five o'clock in the afternoon of the 7th of June. Mr. Schoolcraft and party, with their baggage, in one large Mackinac boat and two bark canoes, and the soldiers and myself, with our arms, ammunition, and provisions to last us to Fort Snelling, in a small Mackinac boat. The boats are intended for our journey along Lake Superior, and will be abandoned at Fond du Lac, where, for river navigation, we shall be compelled to use the Indian bark canoes. Our object being, for this day, merely to make a start, we went but six miles, to Point aux Pins, on the Canada side of the St. Mary's river, where we encamped for the night. This is a point of very general encampment for the traders, and is always considered by them, departing from Mackinac, or the Saut de Ste. Marie, as their first point in the Indian country. Here the prices of their goods change, and any article sold at this point, or beyond it, to any of their hands or engagees , is charged at what they denominate the "interior price," which is the same as that placed on their goods at their several trading posts in the...

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