A Most Uncertain Crusade: The United States, the United Nations, and Human Rights, 1941–1953

Index

Index Acheson, Dean, 114, 150–51; on Bricker Amendment, 230; on Genocide Convention, 203; on human rights violations, 159; on Mindszenty, 144–45; on segregation, 116, 149; on social and economic rights, 167, 216–17; on South Africa, 219; on Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 153; on U.S. obligations under United Nations Charter, 106; on white supremacy and anticolonialism, 218 Adams, Sherman, 233, 236 Ad Hoc Committee on Genocide (U.N.), 182–86 Ad Hoc Political Committee (U.N.), 160–61, 183 Advisory Committee on Post-War Foreign Policy (State Dept.), 25–26, 55; abolished , 48; Subcommittee on Political Problems of, 29–38 African Americans; in ABA, 140; An Appeal to the World on discrimination against, 115; appeal to UNCHR by, 97–99; disenfranchisement of, 90; in election of 1948, 122; Genocide Convention and, 197, 202–3; racial violence against, 99; in State Dept., 99–100; Truman administration and, 91, 102, 212; U.S. foreign policy and racism towards, 114; voting rights of, 138; We Charge Genocide and, 215–16. See also racial segregation and discrimination Alfaro, Ricardo, 73, 188 Alien Land Law (California, 1913), 116, 119, 156 Alien Property Initiative Act (California, 1920), 156 Alien Tort Statute (U.S., 1789), 259 Allen, Charles, 243, 245 Alvarez, Alejandro, 9 American Association for the United Nations (AAUN), 164; Chicago conference of, 213; Commission to Study the Organization of Peace becomes, 107; on discriminatory contracts, 120; on petitioning U.N., 155 American Bar Association (ABA), 6, 122; all human rights treaties opposed by, 246; black members of, 140–41; Bricker Amendment and, 235, 247, 253; disagreements between Bricker and, 221, 222, 236–37; Genocide Convention opposed by, 11–12, 172, 191–98, 201, 203, 207, 252; on treaties, 205, 209; on U.N., 151–53; Universal Declaration of Human Rights opposed by, 127–28, 132, 141–44, 169, 170, 220. See also Committee on Peace and Law through United Nations American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 212–13, 250, 256 American Convention on Human Rights (1969), 255 American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (1948), 72, 255 American Federation of Labor (AFL), 155 American Flag Committee, 227 American Jewish Committee, 66–67, 74, 155, 212, 250 American Law Institute, 36, 47, 57, 66 Americans United for World Organization, 66, 73 Amnesty International, 256 Annan, Kofi, 12–13 apartheid (South Africa), 101, 160–61, 218–19 350 Index An Appeal to the World (Du Bois), 114–15 Aptheker, Herbert, 98 Armenian genocide, 9, 173 Armstrong, Hamilton Fish, 17; on Advisory Committee on Post-War Foreign Policy, 25; on Special Subcommittee on International Organization, 38; on Subcommittee on Political Problems, 30, 31 Asian Americans, 90, 116 Association of the Bar of the City of New York, 230 Atlantic Charter, 5, 20–24, 28, 263n8; selfgovernment promises in, 55; unsigned, 69–70; written by Churchill, 19–20 Attlee, Clement: on Atlantic Charter, 21; at San Francisco Conference, 82 Austin, Warren, 203; ABA questions for, 192; on General Assembly session of 1951, 217; as U.S. ambassador to U.N., 111, 133, 145 Barkley, Alben, 22 Benson, Era Taft, 233 Berle, Adolf, Jr., 30, 31 Bethune, Mary McLeod, 99, 212 Bilbo, Theodore G., 94 Bloom, Sol, 84–85 Bogomolov, Alexander, 118, 119 Bolton, John, 257–58 Bordwell, Percy, 46 Bowman, Isaiah, 62, 82 Breyer, Stephen, 254 Bricker, John, 172, 235; A.B.A.criticisms of, 230; all U.N. covenants opposed by, 6, 133, 246; Bricker Amendment by, 169–70, 210, 222, 228–29, 232, 235–37, 240, 247, 252–53; disagreements between ABA and, 221; Eisenhower administration and, 233; in election of 1944, 168–69; Genocide Convention opposed by, 252; on Oatis, 214; Eleanor Roosevelt and Simsarian on, 226–27; on treaties under Constitution, 227–28; Universal Declaration of Human Rights opposed by, 220 Browder, Earl, 169 Brownell, Herbert, Jr., 237 Bulgaria, 145–46, 159 Bush administration (G.H.W.B.), 4, 257 Bush administration (G.W.B.), 254, 258 Byrnes, James F., 77, 86, 97 Cadogan, Sir Alexander, 19, 21, 60–63, 263n8 Carey, Archibald, 208–9 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 164, 192, 194 Carr, Robert K., 102, 106, 113–14 Carter, Jimmy, 253 Cassin, René, 9; at first meeting of UNCHR, 104; on petitions to UNCHR, 154; on UNCHR Drafting Committee, 110, 111, 118 Cates, John, 158, 223–24 Catholic Association for International Peace, 74, 155, 186 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 241 Chafee, Zechariah, 232 Chang, John Myun, 203 Chang, P. C., 122, 129; at first meeting of UNCHR, 104...