Yankees in Petrograd, Bolsheviks in New York: America and Americans in Russian Literary Perception

Notes

Notes Introduction 1. V. G. Bogoraz [Tan, pseud.], Sobranie sochinenii V. G. Tana, vol. 5 (St. Petersburg: Tipografiia literaturnogo tovarishchestva “Prosveshchenie,” 1911), 106. 2. A. N. Nikoliukin, Literaturnye sviazi Rossii i SShA: Stanovlenie literaturnykh kontaktov (Moscow: Nauka, 1981), 25. 3. Sigmund Skard, The American Myth and the European Mind (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1961), 15. 4. See, for example, Abbot Gleason, “Republic of Humbug: The Russian Nativist Critique of the United States 1830–1930,” American Quarterly 44 (1992): 2. 5. Among the non-Russians who, at different historical moments, drew parallels between Russia and America,were de Crevecouer,de Tocqueville,Napoleon, Spengler,Toynbee, Whitman, Heidegger, and many others. 6. V. N. Toporov, “Peterburg i ‘peterburgskii tekst russkoi literatury,’” in Mif. Ritual. Simvol. Obraz: Issledovaniia v oblasti mifopoeticheskogo; Izbrannoe (Moscow: Progress–Kul’tura, 1995), 259–367. 7. Hans Rogger, “America in the Russian Mind: or Russian Discoveries of America,” Pacific Historical Review 47 (1978): 29. 8. Since Trotsky did not leave a literary account of his journey, I do not focus on his American sojourn. 9.Vladimir Shlapentokh observes:“Russians have always singled out one Western country to be either a model for imitation or a model for rejection.In the late eighteenth century and in the first half of the nineteenth century, it was, of course, France. In the next period up to the Revolution, it was England and to some degree Germany. Since the creation of the Soviet state, and especially after World War II, however, it has been the United States that has captured the imagination of the Soviet people and that has become the symbol of the West in the Soviet mind.” Shlapentokh, “The Changeable Soviet Image of America,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 497, Anti-Americanism: Origins and Context (May, 1988): 158–159. 10. Alexander Etkind, Tolkovanie puteshestvii: Rossiia i Amerika v travelogakh i intertekstakh (Moscow: NLO, 2001), 143. 11. Jeffrey Brooks, in his analysis of the image of America in the postrevolutionary Russia, refers to “a whole range of articles about ‘Russian Americans’ that peppered the Soviet Press throughout the 1920s.” “The Press and Its Message: Images of America in the 1920s and 1930s,”in Russia in the Era of NEP: Explorations in Soviet Society and Culture, ed. Sheila Fitzpatrick, Alexander Rabinowitch, and Richard Stites (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991), 241. 12. Krokodil 3 (January 21, 1923): 539. 13.“100%,”in Vladimir Maiakovskii, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii v 13 tomakh, vol. 7 (Moscow: Khudozhestvennaia literatura, 1958), 79. 236 Notes to pages 6–11 14. V. I. Zhuravleva gives an analysis of the changing American attitude to the 1905 Revolution in her article “Predel dopustimogo v revoliutsii: 1905 g. v Rossii v vospriiatii amerikantsev,” in Russkoe otkrytie Ameriki, ed. A. O. Chubarian (Moscow: IVI RAN, 2002), 292–301. 15. See, for example, Reuel K. Wilson, The Literary Travelogue: A Comparative Study with Special Relevance to Russian Literature from Fonvizin to Pushkin (The Hague: Nijhof, 1973), xi. 16. Orlando Figes, Natasha’s Dance: A Cultural History of Russia (New York: Picador, 2002), 62. 17. See, for example, Gorky’s essay “Knut Gamsun,” in Pereval: Literaturnokhudozhestvennyi al’manakh, sbornik 6 (Moscow, Leningrad: Gos. izd-vo, 1928), 365–369. 18. Olga Peters Hasty and Susan Fusso, trans., eds. America Through Russian Eyes, 1874–1926 (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1988), 9–10. Italics mine. 19. Frederick C. Barghoorn, The Soviet Image of the United States: A Study in Distortion (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1950); Robert V. Allen, Russia Looks at America:The View to 1917 (Washington,D.C.: Library of Congress,1988); Norman E. Saul, Distant Friends: The United States and Russia, 1763–1867 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1991); Concord and Conflict: The United States and Russia, 1867–1914 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1996); War and Revolution: The United States and Russia, 1917–1921 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2001); Friends or Foes? The United States and Russia,1921–1941 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas,2006). 20. Charles Rougle, Three Russians Consider America (Stockholm: Almquist and Wiksell, 1976), 11. 21. Richard Ruland, America in Modern European Literature: From Image to Metaphor (New York: New York University Press, 1976); C.Vann Woodward, The Old World’s New World (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991). 22. Slavic Review 69, no. 2 (Summer 2010): 377–397. 23.Rogger,Review of Hasty and Fusso,trans.and eds.,AmericaThrough Russian Eyes. Russian Review 48 (1989): 188. 24. See, for example, Gleason,“Republic of Humbug...