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Notes Introduction 1. “The Great Victory at Roanoke Island: Extracts from Rebel Papers”; “The Great Victory!,” Philadelphia Inquirer, February 14 and 15, 1862; Darrell L. Collins, 46th Virginia Infantry (Lynchburg, Va.: Howard, 1992), 12; William B. Coles, The Coles Family of Virginia and Its Numerous Connections (New York: n.p., 1931), 701. 2. Roberts Coles to John Rutherfoord, October 13, 1861, Rutherfoord Family Papers, VHS and Roberts Coles to Jenny Cary Fairfax, February 7, 1862, Roberts Coles Letters, VHS; Edward Coles to John Rutherfoord, October 15, 1861, Edward Coles Collection, HSP. 3. Judkin Browning, Shifting Loyalties: The Union Occupation of Eastern North Carolina (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011), 27–54; Kevin Dougherty, Strangling the Confederacy: Coastal Operations in the American Civil War (Philadelphia: Casemate, 2010), 69–80; John G. Barrett, The Civil War in North Carolina (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1963), 66–85. See also Drew Gilpin Faust, This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War (New York: Vintage, 2008). 4. Ralph L. Ketcham, “The Dictates of Conscience: Edward Coles and Slavery,” Virginia Quarterly Review 26 (Winter 1966), 46–62; Elizabeth Langhorne, “Edward Coles, Thomas Jefferson, and the Rights of Man,” Virginia Cavalcade 23 (Summer 1973), 30–36. Coles is also mentioned in a number of broader studies. See Annette Gordon-Reed, The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family (New York: W. W. Norton, 2008), 538; Louis P. Masur, 1831, Year of Eclipse (New York: Hill and Wang, 2001), 58–61; Don E. Fehrenbacher, The Slaveholding Republic: An Account of the United States Government’s Relations to Slavery (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), 67; William W. Freehling, Road to Disunion: Secessionists at Bay, 1776–1854 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 140–41. 5. John Thomas Cassidy, “The Issue of Freedom in Illinois under Governor Coles,” 242 / notes Journal of Illinois State Historical Society 57 (Autumn 1964), 284–88; Donald S. Spencer , “Edward Coles: Virginia Gentleman in Frontier Politics,” Journal of Illinois State Historical Society 61 (1968), 150–51; Robert M. Sutton, “Edward Coles and the Constitutional Crisis in Illinois, 1822–1824,” Illinois Historical Journal 82 (Spring 1989), 33; Kurt E. Leichtle and Bruce G. Carveth, Crusade against Slavery: Edward Coles, Pioneer of Freedom (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2011), 2–4, 130, and 207–10. For an exception to this scholarly trend, see David Ress, Governor Edward Coles and the Vote to Forbid Slavery in Illinois, 1823–1824 (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2006). Ress argues that Coles was a remarkable man worth celebrating because he not only followed through with his convictions but also led a populist antislavery campaign against powerful proslavery elites, and emerged victorious. 6. Paul Finkelman, Slavery and the Founders: Race and Liberty in the Age of Jefferson (London.: M. E. Sharpe, 1996); Gary B. Nash, Race and Revolution (Madison: Madison House, 1990) and Gary B. Nash, The Forgotten Fifth: African Americans in the Age of Revolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006). 7. Don E. Fehrenbacher, The Slaveholding Republic: An Account of the United States Government’s Relations with Slavery (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001); Adam Rothman, Slave Country: American Expansion and the Origins of the Deep South (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005); David Waldstreicher, Slavery’s Constitution: From Revolution to Ratification (New York: Hill and Wang, 2009); Gary Kornblith, Slavery and Sectional Strife in the Early American Republic, 1776–1821 (Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 2010); George William Van Cleve, A Slaveholder ’s Union: Slavery, Politics, and the Constitution in the Early American Republic (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010). 8. Richard Newman, The Transformation of American Abolitionism: Fighting Slavery in the Early Republic (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002); Matthew Mason, Slavery and Politics in the Early American Republic (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006); John Craig Hammond, Slavery, Freedom and Expansion in the Early American West (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2007); Eva Sheppard Wolf, Race and Liberty in the New Nation: Emancipation in Virginia from the Revolution to Nat Turner’s Rebellion (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2006); John Craig Hammond and Matthew Mason, eds., Contesting Slavery: The Politics of Bondage and Freedom in the New American Nation (Charlottesville : University of Virginia Press, 2011). For a study of the Southern view of this issue, see Lacy K. Ford, Deliver Us from Evil: The Slavery Question in the Old South (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009). For an exception, see Robert Pierce Forbes, The Missouri Compromise and Its...