Enduring Legacies: Ethnic Histories and Cultures of Colorado

Index

407 Abiquiu, 91, 93, 94 Acacio, San, founding miracle of, 35, 38–39, 41, 42, 44–45 Acoma Pueblo, miracle of, 35, 36, 37–38 Acosta, Esther, 351 Acosta, Paul, 357 Acuña, Rodolfo, 242, 287(n38) Adams, Billy, 243 Adams State College: Chicana/o and Native students at, 318–19, 320–23; “Indian” mascot at, 15, 309–10, 311, 312–17, 323–24, 324–25(n16) African Americans, 1–2, 3, 4, 7, 8–10, 212(n5), 213(nn15, 36); in Boulder, 105–6, 112–13, 162–63, 165–66; in Colorado, 101–4, 141, 379–80; in Colorado Springs, 142–43; in Denver, 143–45, 201, 202–4, 216(n39); discrimination against, 122–23, 164, 205–6; Garveyism, 139, 140, 146–51; segregation, 104–5, 161–62; University of Colorado, 166–67; during World War II, 196, 199, 200, 207–12, 217(n55) Index African American studies, in Colorado, 379, 380–81 Africana studies, 381, 395(n9), 396–97(nn13, 15, 17), 398–99(nn30, 36); anti-African thought and, 383–84; critical theory, 386–90; definition of, 382–83; disciplinary dependency, 384–85 African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Congregation, 143, 145 Agricultural colonies, 104, 106. See also Dearfield; Greeley Agriculture, 5, 104; African Americans in, 141, 142; Girón family in, 280, 288(n49); Hispanic work in, 221, 222; Mexican American labor in, 239, 245, 351–52; Weld County, 111–12 Aguilar, Frank, 248 Aguirre, Natividad Vallejos, 222, 223, 224, 226, 227, 229, 231 Ah Fee, 72, 73, 76 AIM. See American Indian Movement Alcantar, Antonio, 349, 371, 373 408 Index Alianza (New Mexico), 63, 353, 360–61(n5) Alianza Federal de Mercedes, 350 Alianza Hispano America, 243 “All Ute Removal” plan, 42 Altamirano, Ignacio Manuel, 341 Altman, Robert, McCabe & Mrs. Miller, 74–75 Alvarado, Ernesto, 292; on curanderismo and mental health, 293–94, 302–5 American Citizens of Spanish Descent, 244, 246, 248 American Independent Party, 368 American Indian Movement (AIM), 4, 284, 361(n9) American Legion, anti-discrimination resolution , 169 American Student Union (ASU), 159, 162, 163, 168, 169, 172(n11) ANGF. See Asociación Nacional de Grupos Folklóricos Anti-African thought, and Africana studies, 383–84 Anti-discrimination campaign. See Civil rights Anti-Semitism, 163, 173(n22) Antiwar movement, 350 Anzaldúa, Gloria, 266; Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza, 262–63 Apache Kid, 276–77, 286–87(nn25, 27, 29) Apaches, 13–14, 36, 281, 286(n16), 287(n36); histories, 278–79, 284–85(n1); identity as, 273, 274–75, 285(nn8, 9), 286(n23), 288(n56); resistance, 275–77, 286(nn15, 17, 19), 287(n35) Arabs, influence of, 51–52 Arase, David, 189 Arase, Noboru, 189 Architecture, 12; religious, 87, 90, 91, 93–94 Archuleta, Damián, 61 Arkansas Valley, 5, 48(n2) Artists, colcha, 24, 25–33 Arvada Center for the Arts and Humanities, 2 Asian Americans, 3, 4–5, 6–7. See also Japanese Americans Asociación Nacional de Grupos Folklóricos (ANGF), 65 Assimilation, 243; Native American, 13, 276, 285(n6), 286(n24) ASU. See American Student Union ASUC, 164, 168, 169 Baca land grant, 10 Bailey, Frank, 202–3 Ballad of Little Jo, The (film), 81–82 Barrera, Mario, 370 Barrio, as community, 339–40 Barrio Publications, 327, 337 Barrio Warriors, 280–81 Bassett, Lonnie C., 151, 158(n58) BAWM. See Black American West Museum Bean, Luther E., 40, 41–42 Bear Dances, in San Luis Valley, 46 Beaubien Deed, 27 Beckham, J. B., 106 Bernard, W. S., 162 “Bésame Mucho” (Velázquez), 269 Bicentennial celebration, critique of, 332–33 Bilingualism, 261–62, 337 Black, Hugo, 203 Black American West Museum (BAWM) and Heritage Center, 380; and Dearfield, 114–15 Blackness, theorizing, 385–86 Black Star Line Steamship Company, 147, 148 Black Studies. See African American Studies Blair-Caldwell African American Research Library, 380 Bloom, Norman, 368 Bombings and bomb plots: in Boulder, 349, 357, 358, 360(n2), 372–73; Kiko Martínez and, 370–71, 373–76 Booker, Z. M., 142 Boothroyd, Donald E., 163, 168, 169, 170 Borderlands, 1, 2–3, 11 Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza (Anzaldúa), 262–63 Boston Tea Party, 311 Boulder: African American community in, 105–6, 112–13; civil rights campaign in, 7–8, 162–63, 168; Japanese Americans in, 179, 180, 181, 183–87, 189–90, 192(nn51, 52); Navy Japanese Language School in, 175–76, 192(n52); segregation in, 160, 161–62, 165–66 Boulder-Colorado Sanitarium, 166 Boulder Public Schools, 168, 174(n31) Boycotts...