Building Louisiana: The Legacy of the Public Works Administration

Notes

NOTES INTRODUCTION 1. William E. Leuchtenburg, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal: – (New York: Harper and Row, 1963), 2–3; Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., The Crisis of the Old Order, – (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957), 3–4. 2. Leuchtenburg, Roosevelt and the New Deal, 10–12; James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt : The Lion and the Fox (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1956), 153–155. 3. Arthur W. Macmahon, John D. Millett, and Gladys Ogden, The Administration of Federal Work Relief (1941; reprint, New York: DeCapo Press, 1971), 74; Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate Portrait (New York: Harper and Bros., 1948), 71. 4. The term was borrowed from the military. It meant fixed installations like base camps, airstrips, and ports. David C. Perry, ‘‘Introduction,’’ in David C. Perry, ed., Building the Public City: The Politics, Governance, and Finance of Public Infrastructure (Thousands Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 1995), 6. 5. For descriptions and photographs of just some (a sample of almost 700) of these projects, see C. W. Short and R. Stanley-Brown, Public Buildings: A Survey of Architecture Constructed by Federal and Other Public Bodies between the Years  and  with the Assistance of the Public Works Administration (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1939). 6. Harold M. Mayer and Richard C. Wade, Chicago, Growth of a Metropolis (Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1969), 364. 7. David L. Carlton and Peter A. Coclanis, eds., Confronting Southern Poverty in the Great Depression: The Report on Economic Conditions of the South with Related Documents (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 1996), 42. 1. HOW TO RESPOND TO A GREAT DEPRESSION 1. Burns, Roosevelt, 334. 2. Raymond Moley, After Seven Years (New York: Harper and Bros., 1939), 369–370. 3. ‘‘Address at Oglethorpe University, May 22, 1932,’’ in Samuel I. Rosenman, ed., The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt (New York: Random House, 1938–1950), 1:646–647. 4. Daniel T. Rogers, Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age (Cambridge , Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998), 330–343. 269 270 NOTES 5. Mary Hoffschwelle, Rebuilding the Rural Southern Community: Reformers, Schools, and Homes in Tennessee, – (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1998), 146; Carlton and Coclanis, Confronting Southern Poverty, 4. 6. Hoffschwelle, Rebuilding the Rural Southern Community, 67–88. 7. Emergency Relief and Reconstruction Act of 1933, Public Law 302, U.S. Statutes at Large 47 (1933): 709; William J. Barber, From New Era to New Deal: Herbert Hoover, the Economists, and America Economic Policy, – (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985), 1–2, 7–8, 13–19, 177–178; Udo Sautter, Three Cheers for the Unemployed (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 272, 308–322; J. Kerwin Williams, Grants in Aid under the Public Works Administration (1939; reprint, New York: AMS Press, 1968), 33; James Stuart Olson, Herbert Hoover and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, – (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1977), 77–79; Arthur Gayner, Public Works in Prosperity and Depression (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1935), 88. 8. Benjamin Kleinberg, Urban America in Transformation: Perspectives on Urban Policy and Development (Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 1995), 95–97; John James Wallis and Wallace E. Oates, ‘‘The Impact of the New Deal on American Federalism,’’ in Michael D. Bordo, Claudia Goldin, and Eugene N. White, eds., The Defining Moment : The Great Depression and the American Economy in the Twentieth Century (Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1998), 170. 9. Arthur W. MacMahon, John D. Millett, and Gladys Ogden, The Administration of Federal Work Relief (Chicago: Public Administration Service, 1941), 69. 10. Burns, Roosevelt, 371. 11. John A. Salmond, The Civilian Conservation Corps, –: A New Deal Case Study (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1967). Testimonials to this ‘‘life-changing ’’ experience are legion. The following three books provide a good sample: Perry H. Merrill, Roosevelt’s Forest Army: A History of the Civilian Conservation Corps (Montpelier , Vt.: Perry H. Merrill, 1981); E. Kay Kiefer and Paul F. Fellows, Hobnail Boots and Khaki Suits (Chicago: Adams Press, 1983); Reed L. Engle, Everything Was Wonderful: A Pictoral History of the Civilian Conservation Corps in Shenandoah National Park (Luray, Va.: Shenandoah Natural History Association, 1999). 12. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, 52. See also George McJimsey, Harry Hopkins: Ally of the Poor and Defender of Democracy (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987); Donald S. Howard, The WPA and Federal Relief Policy (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1943). 13. Michael V. Namorato, Rexford G. Tugwell: A Biography (New York: Praeger, 1988); Diane Ghirardo, Building New Communities: New Deal America...