The Toyah Phase of Central Texas: Late Prehistoric Economic and Social Processes

Contents

coNteNtS Acknowledgments ix 1. The Toyah Phase in Texas: An Introduction and Retrospective 1 NaNcy a. KeNmotSu aNd douglaS K. boyd 2. The Toyah Phase and the Ethnohistorical Record: A Case for Population Aggregation 19 NaNcy a. KeNmotSu aNd JohN W. arNN iii 3. Defining Hunter-Gatherer Sociocultural Identity and Interaction at a Regional Scale: The Toyah/Tejas Social Field 44 JohN W. arNN iii 4. The Role of Exotic Materials in Toyah Assemblages in a Late Prehistoric Economic and Social System 76 Karl W. Kibler 5. Reconsidering the Role of Bison in the Terminal Late Prehistoric (Toyah) Period in Texas 90 raymoNd mauldiN, JeNNiFer thompSoN, aNd leoNard Kemp 6. Bone Processing and Subsistence Stress in Late Prehistoric South Texas 111 ZacKary i. gilmore 7. What Is Northern Toyah Phase? The Toyah Phenomenon on the Texas Southern Plains 128 douglaS K. boyd 8. Plains-Pueblo Interaction: A View from the “Middle” 152 JohN d. Speth aNd Khori NeWlaNder 9. Toyah: Reflections on Evolving Perceptions 181 eltoN r. preWitt Bibliography 205 List of Contributors 245 Index 247 ...