The School of Hard Knocks: Combat Leadership in the American Expeditionary Forces

Notes

333 Notes Abbreviations AWCHS Army War College Historical Section/Branch, Army General Staff CARL Combined Arms Research Library, Fort Leavenworth, KS CGSS SIRS Command and General Staff School Student Individual Research Study INJ Infantry Journal JMSIUS Journal of the Military Service Institution of the United States JUSCA Journal of the United States Cavalry Association NARA National Archives and Records Administration USACMH US Army Center of Military History, Washington, DC USAMHI US Army Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks, PA WPD War Plans Division Chapter 1 1. Alvin C. York, Sergeant York: His Own Life Story and War Diary, ed. Tom Skeyhill , 240–55. 2. Ernesto Bisogno, “The Life and Death of Charles Clement,” American Legion Magazine, March 1938, 50–51. 3. “Record of the Trial by General Courts-Martial of Captain Charles G. Clement, 328th Infantry,” 15 July 1918, Box 5977, Docket no. 120515, RG 153, NARA, 17. 4. Ibid., 5. 5. Ibid., 18. 6. Bisogno, “Life and Death of Charles Clement,” 51–52. 7. York, Sergeant York, 222, 226–27, 241. 8. US War Department, War Department Annual Report, 1916, 242; Leonard Ayres, The War with Germany: A Statistical Summary, 16–21. 9. Ayres, War with Germany, 22, 30. 10. Arthur F. Barbeau and Florette Henri, The Unknown Soldiers: Black American Troops in World War I, 58. Chapter 2 1. Rudyard Kipling, “Only a Subaltern,” Soldiers Three: A Collection of Stories, 184. 2. US War Department, Field Service Regulations of the United States Army, with Corrections to May 21, 1913, 51, 62, 161. 3. Col. Robert L. Bullard, “The Military Study of Men,” INJ 8, no. 3 (November– December 1911), 327; Maj. Gen. David C. Shanks, Management of the American Soldier, 4–5. The material in the booklet was compiled from a set of articles that Shanks had written in the Infantry Journal from November 1916 through March 1917. 4. Maj. Frank R. McCoy, Principles of Training, Vol. 3 of The National Service 334 Notes to Pages 12–24 Library, ed. Maj. Charles E. Kilbourne, 144–45; Capt. George Haltzell, “The Proper Training of an Infantry Company,” INJ 5, no. 5 (March 1909), 640. 5. Shanks, Management, 20; Edward M. Coffman, The Regulars: The American Army, 1898–1941, 151. 6. John M. Schofield, Forty-Six Years in the Army, 535–36 (emphasis in the original); Brig. Gen. J. P. Farley, “Military Service for College Men,” JMSI 50 (1912), 114. 7. Edward M. Coffman, The Old Army: A Portrait of the American Army in Peacetime , 1784–1898, 281. Also see Adjutant General’s Office, General Order 116, 1890; General Order 57, 1892; and General Order 17, 20 February 1903. 8. US War Department, War Department Annual Report, 1910, 1:160; 1905, 1:17. 9. James A. Moss, The Noncommissioned Officer’s Manual, 17. 10. Capt. Frank Tebbetts, “Leadership,” JUSCA 27, no. 111 (July 1916), 19. 11. Ernest Fisher Jr., Guardians of the Republic: A History of the Noncommissioned Officer Corps of the U.S. Army, 178; US War Department, Regulations for the Army of the United States, 1913, Corrected to April 15, 1917, 71; Moss, Noncommissioned Officer’s Manual, 18; 1st Lt. William Edwards, “The Squad Leader and His Squad,” JUSCA 28, no. 4 (January 1913), 776. 12. War Department Annual Report, 1908, 3:178. 13. Ibid., 1909, 3:143. 14. Moss, Noncommissioned Officer’s Manual, 34–35. 15. Ibid., 20 (emphasis in the original). 16. Capt. Francis Greene, “Important Improvements in the Art of War during the Past Twenty Years and Their Probable Effect on Future Military Operations,” JMSIUS 4, no. 13 (1883), 24; Capt. George Baltzell, “The Proper Training of an Infantry Company,” INJ 5, no. 5 (March 1909), 645–46. 17. US War Department, Infantry Drill Regulations (Provisional), 1919, 99–100. 18. J. Franklin Bell, “Reflections and Suggestions: An Address by General J. Franklin Bell,” 17 March 1906, CARL, 3; O. O. Ellis and E. B. Garey, The Plattsburg Manual: A Handbook for Military Training, 17. 19. Capt. Dana Merrill, “Infantry Training,” INJ 9, no. 1 (July–August 1912), 69–70; “Reveries of an Old Field Officer,” JUSCA 27, no. 113 (January 1917), 15–18. 20. “A School for Noncommissioned Officers,” INJ 12, no. 8 (April 1916), 955; Maj. James Chester, “Comment and Criticism on Moral Preparation of the Soldier ,” JMSIUS 32 (1913), 111. 21. Capt. Charles Crawford, Weapons and Munitions of War, Part I, Infantry Weapons, 8; Lt. Col. R. K. Evans, “Infantry Fire in Battle,” INJ 5, no. 6 (May 1909), 819. 22. War Department, Infantry...