Bats of Texas

Contents

v Preface ix introduction General Appearance 1 Distribution 9 Classification 9 Evolution 13 Flight 14 Echolocation, Hearing, and Vocalization 16 Vision and Olfaction 18 Roosts 19 Thermoregulation 21 Reproduction and Life Expectancy 22 Populations 23 Parasites 27 Food 27 New Technologies and Bat Natural History 30 Public Health 36 Conservation 40 illustrated keys to the bats of texas Key to External Characters 54 Key to the Skulls 64 accounts of species Family Mormoopidae 76 Ghost-Faced Bat, Mormoops megalophylla 76 Family Phyllostomidae 80 Mexican Long-Tongued Bat, Choeronycteris mexicana 80 Mexican Long-Nosed Bat, Leptonycteris nivalis 84 Hairy-Legged Vampire, Diphylla ecaudata 87 Family Vespertilionidae 91 Southeastern Myotis, Myotis austroriparius 91 California Myotis, Myotis californicus 96 Western Small-Footed Myotis, Myotis ciliolabrum 99 Southwestern Little Brown Myotis, Myotis occultus 102 Contents Northern Long-Eared Myotis, Myotis septentrionalis 106 Fringed Myotis, Myotis thysanodes 109 Cave Myotis, Myotis velifer 111 Long-Legged Myotis, Myotis volans 116 Yuma Myotis, Myotis yumanensis 119 Western Red Bat, Lasiurus blossevillii 122 Eastern Red Bat, Lasiurus borealis 126 Hoary Bat, Lasiurus cinereus 133 Southern Yellow Bat, Lasiurus ega 139 Northern Yellow Bat, Lasiurus intermedius 142 Seminole Bat, Lasiurus seminolus 146 Western Yellow Bat, Lasiurus xanthinus 149 Silver-Haired Bat, Lasionycteris noctivagans 153 American Parastrelle, Parastrellus hesperus 157 American Perimyotis, Perimyotis subflavus 161 Big Brown Bat, Eptesicus fuscus 167 Evening Bat, Nycticeius humeralis 172 Spotted Bat, Euderma maculatum 177 Rafinesque’s Big-Eared Bat, Corynorhinus rafinesquii 181 Townsend’s Big-Eared Bat, Corynorhinus townsendii 185 Pallid Bat, Antrozous pallidus 191 Family Molossidae 197 Brazilian Free-Tailed Bat, Tadarida brasiliensis 197 Pocketed Free-Tailed Bat, Nyctinomops femorosaccus 209 Big Free-Tailed Bat, Nyctinomops macrotis 213 Western Mastiff Bat, Eumops perotis 218 Hypothetical Species 223 literature and references 225 index 293 ...