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Acknowledgments T his฀story฀is฀mainly฀based฀on฀the฀personal฀experiences฀of฀hundreds฀of฀ individuals,฀Americans฀ and฀ Japanese฀ alike.฀ Fortunately,฀ I฀ started฀ my฀ research฀in฀the฀mid-1970s,฀when฀most฀were฀still฀alive.฀I฀thus฀was฀able฀to฀ learn฀of฀their฀prewar฀and฀December฀8฀experiences฀via฀correspondence,฀ telephone฀ conversations฀ and฀ interviews,฀ narratives฀ they฀ prepared฀ for฀ me,฀and฀diaries฀and฀prewar฀correspondence฀to฀their฀families฀they฀shared฀ with฀me.฀This฀direct฀input฀expanded฀my฀knowledge฀of฀their฀activities฀and฀ those฀of฀other฀participants฀derived฀from฀interviews฀conducted฀in฀1945฀for฀ the฀preparation฀of฀Walter฀D.฀Edmonds’s฀1951฀epic,฀They฀Fought฀with฀What฀ They฀Had.฀Almost฀all฀of฀them฀are฀gone฀now. ฀฀฀฀ Singling฀out฀particular฀individuals฀from฀this฀group฀for฀an฀expression฀of฀ gratitude฀is฀not฀easy.฀On฀the฀American฀side,฀the฀help฀of฀individual฀pursuit฀ pilots฀has฀been฀acknowledged฀earlier฀in฀my฀book฀Doomed฀at฀the฀Start,฀but฀ for฀the฀bomber฀crews฀included฀in฀this฀volume,฀I฀would฀particularly฀like฀to฀ thank฀Ray฀Teborek,฀Ed฀Jacquet,฀Edson฀“Spon”฀Sponable,฀and฀Mel฀McKenzie฀ for฀long฀years฀of฀assistance฀rendered฀in฀relating฀their฀experiences.฀Among฀ the฀Japanese฀participants฀in฀this฀story,฀I฀am฀particularly฀indebted฀to฀the฀late฀ Hideki฀Shingō฀for฀four฀years฀of฀faithful฀responses฀(up฀to฀the฀time฀of฀his฀ death฀in฀1982)฀to฀my฀unending฀questions฀about฀Zero฀fighter฀preparations฀ and฀operations฀during฀the฀attack฀he฀led฀on฀Clark฀Field. ฀฀฀฀ An฀important฀contribution฀was฀made฀by฀all฀those฀Far฀East฀Air฀Force฀ personnel฀who฀did฀not฀survive฀the฀war,฀having฀been฀killed฀either฀in฀combat ฀or฀in฀accidents฀or฀having฀lost฀their฀lives฀in฀prisoner฀of฀war฀(POW)฀ camps฀or฀on฀hell฀ships฀taking฀them฀to฀Korea,฀Formosa,฀or฀Japan.฀Some฀ were฀able฀to฀relate฀their฀experiences฀to฀fellow฀POWs฀who฀interviewed฀ them฀for฀the฀record,฀such฀as฀Capt.฀William฀Priestley,฀who฀managed฀to฀bury฀ ack 4/2/03,฀1:02฀PM 11 his฀material฀(later฀exhumed)฀before฀he฀himself฀perished฀on฀a฀hell฀ship.฀ Others฀sent฀letters฀home฀detailing฀their฀activities฀and฀feelings฀in฀1940–41.฀ They฀would฀be฀surprised฀to฀know฀how฀their฀innermost฀thoughts฀have฀ now฀become฀part฀of฀history!฀I฀am฀highly฀indebted฀to฀their฀families฀for฀ sharing฀such฀personal฀material฀with฀me. ฀฀฀฀ In฀this฀connection,฀I฀would฀particularly฀like฀to฀thank฀the฀widow฀(since฀ deceased),฀ daughter,฀ and฀ grandson฀ of฀ Maj.฀ Kirtley฀ J.฀ Gregg฀ for฀ making฀ available฀his฀correspondence฀to฀his฀wife฀that฀opened฀the฀door฀for฀me฀on฀ the฀goings-on฀at฀the฀staff฀level฀in฀the฀Philippine฀Department฀Air฀Force฀ (PDAF)฀ and฀ its฀ successors฀ from฀ November,฀ 1940,฀ to฀ November,฀ 1941.฀ Additional฀ inside฀ information฀ on฀ PDAF฀ activities฀ in฀ 1941฀ was฀ gleaned฀ from฀letters฀of฀Gregg’s฀colleague,฀Maj.฀Bill฀Maverick.฀I฀am฀indebted฀to฀ his฀daughter,฀Laura฀Maverick฀Griswold,฀for฀making฀copies฀for฀me.฀By฀the฀ same฀token,฀I฀would฀like฀to฀thank฀Miriam฀Pachacki,฀widow฀of฀28th฀Bomb฀ Squadron฀pilot฀Ted฀Fisch,฀for฀making฀available฀copies฀of฀all฀of฀his฀1941฀letters ฀to฀her฀that฀capture฀his฀feelings฀and฀those฀of฀the฀other฀frustrated฀senior฀ pilots฀in฀his฀squadron. ฀฀฀฀ For฀the฀inside฀picture฀of฀what฀was฀going฀on฀in฀Washington฀at฀Army฀ Air฀Forces฀headquarters฀in฀1940–41,฀I฀owe฀a฀debt฀of฀gratitude฀to฀Col.฀William ฀R.฀Burt,฀USAF฀(Ret.).฀He฀developed฀my฀interest฀in฀understanding฀ how฀the฀decisions฀of฀the฀Air฀Staff฀and฀Maj.฀Gen.฀Henry฀H.฀“Hap”฀Arnold,฀ with฀whom฀he฀was฀serving฀at฀the฀time,฀shaped฀the฀future฀for฀air฀force฀officers ฀and฀men฀stationed฀in฀the฀Philippines.฀It฀was฀with฀great฀sadness฀that฀I฀ learned฀he฀passed฀away฀just฀before฀I฀completed฀this฀manuscript. ฀฀฀฀ Others฀to฀whom฀I฀am฀indebted฀were฀facilitators฀in฀my฀effort฀to฀gain฀ knowledge฀of฀the฀events฀covered฀rather฀than฀direct฀or฀indirect฀contributors ฀of฀personal฀experiences.฀In฀this฀category,฀I฀wish฀to฀acknowledge฀the฀ assistance฀of฀Duane฀Reed฀at฀the฀Air฀Force฀Academy฀Libraries฀for฀years฀of฀ unstinting฀support฀in฀obtaining฀documentary฀material฀in฀the฀Academy’s฀collections ,฀particularly฀on฀the฀Air฀War฀Plans฀Division’s฀Air฀Annex฀to฀the฀1941฀ Victory฀Program.฀Just฀as฀they฀did฀for฀Doomed฀at฀the฀Start,฀Edward฀Boone฀and฀ his฀successor,฀James฀Zobel,฀archivists฀at฀the฀MacArthur฀Memorial฀in฀Norfolk,฀ Virginia,฀responded฀to฀my฀every฀request฀for฀the฀USAFFE฀records฀kept฀in฀its฀ archives.฀The฀George฀C.฀Marshall฀Foundation฀in฀Lexington,฀Virginia,฀proved฀ to฀be฀an฀unexpectedly฀valuable฀source฀of฀records฀not฀found฀elsewhere,฀and฀ I฀am฀indebted฀to฀its฀staff฀for฀help฀in฀obtaining฀them฀during฀my฀visit฀there.฀ Roger฀G.฀Miller,฀a฀historian฀at...

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