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Sources 505 Sources In฀identifying฀the฀sources฀used฀in฀the฀preparation฀of฀this฀book,฀it฀is฀useful฀ to฀distinguish฀between฀four฀levels฀of฀textual฀coverage: 1.฀ The฀personal฀experiences฀of฀American฀combat฀personnel฀in฀the฀FEAF฀ (and฀its฀predecessors)฀in฀the฀Philippines฀preparing฀for฀and฀participating ฀in฀the฀islands’฀defense,฀and฀of฀staff฀officers฀in฀the฀FEAF฀and฀at฀AAF฀ HQ฀in฀Washington,฀D.C.,฀charged฀with฀building฀up฀the฀Philippines’฀ aerial฀defense฀capabilities฀and฀providing฀for฀their฀aerial฀reinforcement,฀ respectively. 2.฀ The฀ personal฀ experiences฀ of฀ Imperial฀ Japanese฀ Navy฀ and฀Army฀ air฀ force฀combat฀personnel฀on฀Formosa฀training฀for฀and฀carrying฀out฀the฀ aerial฀attack฀on฀the฀Philippines,฀and฀of฀Eleventh฀Air฀Fleet฀staff฀officers฀ at฀Takao,฀Formosa,฀who฀planned฀the฀attack. 3.฀ The฀efforts฀of฀high-level฀War฀and฀Navy฀Department฀staff฀officers฀in฀ Washington฀as฀they฀planned฀and฀arranged฀for฀the฀buildup฀of฀airpower฀ in฀the฀Philippines,฀subject฀to฀the฀Roosevelt฀administration’s฀political฀ decisions,฀and฀the฀efforts฀of฀the฀commanding฀general฀and฀his฀staff฀at฀ USAFFE฀ (and฀ its฀ predecessor,฀ the฀ Philippine฀ Department)฀ HQ฀ in฀ Manila฀to฀the฀same฀end. 4.฀ The฀Japanese฀government’s฀political฀decision฀to฀engage฀in฀war,฀and฀the฀ plans฀and฀strategies฀of฀high-level฀Imperial฀Japanese฀Army฀and฀Navy฀ staff฀officers฀to฀launch฀the฀war฀with฀southern฀operations,฀including฀ those฀in฀the฀Philippines. ฀฀฀฀This฀multifaceted฀story฀is฀most฀heavily฀weighted฀toward฀the฀experiences ฀of฀American฀combat฀and฀staff฀officers฀in฀the฀FEAF.฀For฀the฀experiences ฀of฀the฀pilots฀and฀enlisted฀men฀of฀the฀24th฀Pursuit฀Group฀(and฀the฀ sources 4/2/03,฀1:09฀PM 505 Sources 506 pursuit฀squadrons฀of฀its฀predecessor,฀the฀4th฀Composite฀Group),฀I฀have฀ again฀tapped฀the฀sources฀used฀in฀the฀preparation฀of฀my฀book฀Doomed฀at฀the฀ Start,฀including฀the฀interviews฀conducted฀in฀1945฀for฀Walter฀Edmonds’s฀ They฀Fought฀with฀What฀They฀Had฀(at฀the฀AFHRA),฀in฀1943฀by฀William฀ Priestley฀(the฀“Philippine฀Collection”฀in฀RG฀407,฀NARA),฀in฀1958฀by฀ John฀Toland฀(the฀Toland฀Papers฀in฀the฀Manuscript฀Division฀of฀the฀LOC),฀ and฀by฀me฀in฀1979–86,฀as฀well฀as฀narratives฀prepared฀for฀me฀by฀the฀participants ฀and฀their฀correspondence฀with฀me฀from฀1976–89.฀I฀have฀again฀used฀ pilots’฀personal฀diaries฀and฀their฀prewar฀correspondence฀to฀families฀and฀ friends.฀In฀expanding฀the฀coverage฀of฀participants฀to฀include฀members฀of฀ the฀19th฀Bomb฀Group฀(H),฀the฀27th฀Bomb฀Group฀(L),฀the฀Air฀Warning฀ Company,฀and฀to฀a฀limited฀extent฀the฀200th฀Coast฀Artillery฀(Antiaircraft)฀ and฀the฀Provisional฀Tank฀Group,฀I฀have฀again฀referred฀to฀the฀1943฀Priestley฀ and฀1945฀Edmonds฀interviews,฀and฀augmented฀them฀with฀those฀I฀conducted ฀in฀1994–2002.฀Prewar฀correspondence฀with฀friends฀and฀family฀and฀ letters฀to฀me฀from฀19th฀Bomb฀Group฀and฀Air฀Warning฀Company฀personnel ฀from฀1981–2002฀have฀also฀been฀tapped. ฀฀฀฀ The฀book’s฀coverage฀of฀what฀transpired฀at฀the฀staff฀level฀in฀the฀FEAF฀ and฀its฀predecessors,฀the฀USAFFE฀and฀PD฀air฀forces฀in฀the฀prewar฀period,฀ is฀heavily฀dependent฀on฀the฀detailed฀letters฀sent฀home฀by฀Maj.฀Kirtley฀J.฀ Gregg฀and,฀to฀a฀lesser฀extent,฀by฀Maj.฀William฀H.฀Maverick,฀copies฀of฀which฀ were฀made฀available฀to฀me฀by฀their฀families.฀Allison฀Ind’s฀Bataan:฀The฀Judgment ฀Seat฀(1944)฀also฀provided฀insight฀into฀the฀operations฀of฀FEAF฀HQ,฀as,฀ of฀course,฀did฀Lewis฀H.฀Brereton’s฀The฀Brereton฀Diaries฀(1946),฀although฀the฀ latter฀contains฀slight฀factual฀errors฀regarding฀times฀and฀places.฀Brereton’s฀ office฀diary฀(a฀copy฀is฀available฀at฀the฀Eisenhower฀Library)฀is฀an฀invaluable฀ source฀for฀details฀on฀FEAF฀HQ฀operations฀on฀December฀8,฀1941. ฀฀฀฀ For฀the฀plans฀and฀preparations฀of฀staff฀officers฀at฀AAF฀HQ฀(and฀its฀predecessor ,฀the฀Army฀Air฀Corps)฀in฀Washington,฀I฀have฀exhaustively฀explored฀ the฀ National฀Archives’s฀ holdings—particularly฀ RG฀ 18—for฀ the฀ period฀ 1939–41.฀The฀late฀Bill฀Burt’s฀recollections฀of฀his฀experiences฀in฀the฀OCAC฀ Plans฀Division,฀as฀shared฀in฀correspondence฀with฀me฀and฀as฀published฀in฀ his฀Adventures฀with฀Warlords฀(1994),฀was฀the฀starting฀point฀for฀understanding ฀the฀situation฀during฀that฀period.฀Particularly฀useful฀is฀the฀day-to-day฀ accounting฀of฀plans฀and฀arrangements฀for฀the฀aerial฀reinforcement฀of฀the฀ Philippines฀ in฀ the฀Air฀ Staff฀ office฀ diary฀ maintained฀ by฀ Brig.฀ Gen.฀ Carl฀ Spaatz฀during฀the฀July–December฀7,฀1941,฀period฀(RG฀18,฀NARA).฀The฀ Henry฀H.฀“Hap”฀Arnold฀papers฀in฀the฀Manuscript฀Division฀at฀the฀LOC฀ helped฀fill฀in฀gaps฀with฀memoranda฀and฀other฀official฀items฀relating฀to฀this฀ subject.฀The฀Air฀Force฀Academy฀has฀a฀copy฀of฀the฀air฀war฀plan฀annex฀to...

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