The Targums: A Critical Introduction

Table of Contents

vii Table of Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xiii List of Abbreviations xv Section I: Getting Started 1 Introduction 3 2 Defining Targum 19 3 The Seven Rules of Targum 39 4 Rabbinic Literature 55 Section II: The Pentateuchal Targums 5 Pentateuchal Targums: The Basics 71 6 Sources of the Palestinian Targums 91 7 Targum Onqelos and the Targums of Israel 109 8 The Pentateuchal Targums in Rabbinic Literature 131 9 Dating the Targums of Israel 151 Section III: The Targums of the Prophets and the Writings 10 Targum Jonathan of the Prophets: Its Development as Revealed by the Targum of Isaiah 169 11 Targum Jonathan: Former and Latter Prophets 199 12 Targums to the Writings 229 Section IV: The Targums in Late-Antique Judaism 13 Aramaic in Judaism 267 14 Targums and Translation in the History of Rabbinic Literature 285 viii — Table of Contents 15 Targum as Scripture and Hidden Interpretation 325 16 Ancient Scripture Translations 339 Section V: The Targums and Early Christianity 17 Comparing the Targums and the New Testament 385 18 The Aramaic Retroversion of Jesus Sayings 409 19 The Fourth Gospel and Targumic Memra 423 Section VI: Conclusions and Prospects 20 Genesis 22 in the Targumim and in Early Jewish and Christian Interpretation 439 21 Targums in the Rabbinic World and Beyond 475 Appendix A: The Parallel Expansions of Genesis 28–50 495 Appendix B: A Guide to Babylonian Pointing 499 Glossary 501 Bibliography 511 Index 541 ...