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385 General Index Abraham: 131, 227 Achilles: 26, 28, 106, 141, 159, 251n49, 318, 343; aided by Hephaestus, 124–25; cremation of Patroclus, 125; return of the corpse of Hector to Priam, 296–98, 300, 301, 372 Aegisthus: 244, 245, 255, 255n68 Aeschylus: 25, 26, 40–41, 50, 112n70, 139, 238, 260n87; tragic performance and violence, 241–43, 285, 286, 288; blood vengeance, 244–45, 248–49, 248n35, 249n42; hunting metaphors, 254–56; court justice, 266–69; human sacrifice, 276–80, 370–72; psycheµ as seat of emotions , 298 Agamemnon: 86, 115, 141, 285, 308, 318; sacrifice of Iphigenia, 26, 276–78, 279–80, 371; murder of, 242, 244–45, 267, 371; as a lion, 254, 255n68; as a bull, 255–56 aithēr: cosmic element, 49n21, 52, 72, 127, 127n147, 129, 174, 319; brightness to fire, 72, 127 Akkadian population of Babylon: 124, 173, 176, 360 Akītu festival: 33, 111, 124, 124n126, 136–37, 144, 152, 182, 377, 377n92; cessation of celebration in Babylon, 182 altar: in Jerusalem sanctuary, 101, 106; at Bethel, 108; in Greek sanctuary, 74, 113; in restored sanctuary, 120 Anaximander: 4, 37, 44, 69–70, 73, 76; fragment of, 5, 69, 215; apeiron, “the boundless,” 49, 69–70, 73, 79, 215; contention of opposites, 69, 70, 70n130, 79, 185, 209, 215, 380; geometric model of cosmos, 70, 79; multiple worlds of, 70n132; and Solon, 185–86, 217 Anaximenes: 48–49, 68, 70n130, 93n223 ancestor worship: 310–11; in Mesopotamia, 326; in Greece, 318, 339n227; prohibited in Ezekiel’s Israel, 324 anger of deities: Yhwh, 66, 120, 270, 279, 281, 288, 350; Marduk, 66, 110, 181, 182n177, 183, 273, 378; Ištar, 338; Zeus or Olympian gods, 103, 114, 307 aniconic ethos: 21, 60, 76, 94 anthropomorphism: 76; ascribed to Yhwh, 21, 59, 60; avoidance of in Presocratic philosophy, 21, 79, 130, 195, 216; 386 INDICES ascribed to Marduk, 44, 63, 377; Erra like a human, 260 Antigone: 329, 330–31, 333, 345, 372; loyalty to family versus loyalty to state, 29, 329, 330, 332, 334 Anu: 33, 63, 64, 89n209, 111, 112, 122, 123, 173, 176, 244; petitioned by Ištar, 275, 338 Anzu: 30, 32–33, 89, 275 Aphrodite: 124, 227 Apollo: 26, 139, 242, 243, 267, 269, 371; at Delphi, 248, 249, 266, 340; in the Iliad, 115, 143, 297, 365; father of Asclepius, 230n187; Apollonian qualities , 367 Aramean tribes in Mesopotamia: 31, 360 Ares: 124, 227–28, 245, 277 Artemis: 26, 243, 297, 379; at Aulis, 242, 276–77; goddess of the hunt, 276; protector against mania of battle, 104 Artemision: 39, 104, 154, 379 Asalluhi: as invoked in mīs pî, 135, in namburb û, 208, in Maqlû, 222, in ritual, 212; as a name of Marduk, 122, 225 Ashur: 182, 207 Aššur: 35, 110, 158, 165, 192, 193, 200; at the ordeal of Marduk, 182–83 Assurbanipal: 27, 35, 36, 81, 82, 111, 192, 193, 325, 326, 327n167, 360; library of, 32, 34; return of statue of Marduk, 181–82, 360; lion-hunter, 253 Assurnasirpal II: 252–53, 312n95 Assyrian empire: 6, 243; commercial interests , 165; provincial system, 165, 166; deportation policy, 164 Babylon: destruction in 689 by Assyrians, 25, 110, 111n64, 181; Nebuchadrezzar II’s efforts to beautify the city, 61–62, 120, 122,151–52, 157; hanging gardens of, 172; provincial system of, 166 blood: 243–50; symbol of life, 16, 25, 238, 245, 246, 249; vengeance: 16, 25, 41, 244, 245, 248–49, 266–67, 371; bloodguilt, 23, 26, 138, 139, 248–49, 258; apotropaic agent, 25, 246; purifying agent, 25,140, 144, 245, 248–49; menstrual and lochial, 96, 105, 350; association with thought, 47, 52, 299, 247, 379, 381; creation of human in Mesopotamia, 47, 246, 247, 260, 379; family identity, 247, 250, 286, 316, 379; sacrificial blood, 16, 120,248, 276, 371; offering to chthonic beings, 316, 344; ingestion of, 131, 247, 322; bloodshed, 16, 102, 106, 243–45, 286, 355, 375 bones: point of access to the dead, 26, 326–27, 333, 339n227, 345, 364, 372; reviving Israel’s dry bones, 17, 28, 78, 334–36, 338, 343, 375; defiling substance , 108, 322; offered in sacrifice to Greek gods, 260–61 boundaries: maintained by blood, 16; of a culture, 17, 318, 332n197; cultic, 18; between human and divine, 23, 122, 176; cosmic, 72, 92, 156, 309, 319, 363; between death and life, 232; of a person’s body, 257, 285 Briareos: 159, 161 burial rites: 292, 294, 297, 300, 308, 329, 345...

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