Interest Groups and Health Care Reform across the United States

Index

Information in figures and tables is indicated by f and t. Information in notes is indicated by n between page number and note number. AARP. See American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) ACA. See Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) advocacy. See health advocacy lobby Aetna Health Inc. v. Davila, 98–99 Affordable Care Act (ACA). See Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) Alabama, 170 Alaska, 172 ALEC. See American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) alliances, of interest organizations, 2–3 American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) Affordable Care Act and, 61, 63 state pharmaceutical assistance programs and, 71, 80t, 82, 85, 87 American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), 156 American Medical Association (AMA), 95, 96, 97 American Pharmaceutical Association, 25, 69. See also pharmaceutical lobby American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, 154 area, in Energy Stability Area model, 46t Arizona, 64, 127, 173 autonomy, of physicians, managed care and, 95, 97 Balanced Budget Act, 34 Baldacci, John, 128 Basic Health Plan (BHP), 127 Baumgartner, Frank, 20 BHP. See Basic Health Plan (BHP) Boushey, Graham, 101 Bull Moose Party, 5 Bush, George W., 7, 29–30, 35, 60 business lobby. See also interest organizations Affordable Care Act and, 9, 10 diversity and, 23 managed care regulation and, 102 Medicare prescription drug benefit and, 13 reasons for number of, 2, 25, 68–69 state pharmaceutical assistance programs and, 69–70, 80t at state vs. federal level, 23, 24t universal coverage and, 142t, 144t, 146 California, 18, 33, 92n12, 92n19, 118, 127–28, 169 campaign contributions, 54 capacity. See also resources Affordable Care Act and, 172, 177 in Energy Stability Area model, 45, 46t innovation and, 31–32, 162 managed care regulation and administrative, 110, 112t, 115–16, 118–19 state pharmaceutical assistance programs and, 73, 81t, 83, 85 universal coverage and, 140, 142–43t, 144t, 147–48 Carlson, Arne, 127 Catamount Health Plan, 128, 175 Catastrophic Coverage Act, 62 Chamber of Commerce, 10, 11 Chapter 58, 129. See also Massachusetts Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), 38n1 as example of bottom-up vertical diffusion, 35 in history of reform initiatives, 5, 17, 18 as innovation emulation example, 29, 36 managed care and implementation of, 73 CHIP. See Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) index 228 | INDEX climate, political, innovation and, 32 Clinton, Bill, 34–35, 60. See also Clinton health plan Clinton, Hillary, 123 Clinton health plan, 5 CHIP and, 38n1 congressional factors in failure of, 8–9 interest mobilization over, 20, 65 managed care and, 98 pharmaceutical lobby and, 63 state health care reform and, 6 universal coverage by states and, 124, 130, 135–36 and vertical diffusion of universal coverage, 34 Colorado, 127, 173 Commonwealth Care, 129. See also Massachusetts communities. See interest organization communities competition, interparty innovation and, 32 managed care regulation and, 109–10, 112t, 115 state pharmaceutical assistance programs and, 75, 81t, 83 universal coverage and, 144t, 147, 150 configurations, of interests, 25–27 Congress Affordable Care Act and, 9, 174–75 Clinton health plan and, 8 Connecticut, 62 contributions campaign, 54 political action committee, 56, 57f, 59n6 cooperatives, health care, 94–95 cost(s) of Affordable Care Act, 60 of drugs, 65, 72, 83–84, 88 of health insurance, 100, 171–72 managed care and, 30–31, 93, 97 of Medicare Part D, 61 universal coverage and, 17, 30, 127, 140– 41, 155–56 crowding, in Energy Stability Area model, 46t Daschle, Tom, 13 Dayton, Mark, 172 Dean, Howard, 126 delegation, in governance, 9 democracy, interest organizations and, 1 Democratic Party innovation and, 32 managed care regulation and, 110, 112t, 122n20 Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act and, 61 political action committee contributions to, 59n6 universal coverage and, 140, 142–43t, 144–45t, 147, 149–50 density, 23 defined, 46t dependence, in Energy Stability Area model, 46t economies of scale of representation and, 51 effects of, 25 in Energy Stability Area model, 46t of interest organization communities, 42–45, 47–49, 49f lobbying registration and, 58n3 on map of state health interest organizations, 50f in oppositional groups, 26 political action committees and, 55 as relational concept, 48 of state health interest groups, 1990–99, 49f, 183–84t state pharmaceutical assistance programs, 69, 70 by subguild, 185–86t diffusion. See also neighbor influence external sources of, 33 horizontal, 33 innovation and, 29, 34–35 of managed care regulation, 111, 111f, 113 regional, 28 of state pharmaceutical assistance programs, 77, 78f of universal coverage, 138, 139f, 142–43t, 144–45t, 146–47, 150 vertical, 29, 34–35...