The Ethics of Interrogation: Professional Responsibility in an Age of Terror

Index

Abu Ghraib prison abuse scandal, 21–22, 46, 54 Abu Zubaydah, 69, 195 “The Abuse of Occupational Licensing” (Gellhorn), 138–39 accountability. See professional accountability Addington, David, 172–73 Agamben, Giorgio, 192 Ahmedzay, Zarein, 195–96 Allhoff, Fritz, 122–25, 158 American Bar Association (ABA): licensing , 137; open letter to Bush, 70–71; resolution condemning torture, 70–71 American Bar Association (ABA) Task Force on the Treatment of Enemy Combatants, 70–71 American Civil Liberties Union, 22 American Medical Association (AMA), 22, 121; Code of Ethics, 121 American Nurses Association, 22 American Psychiatric Association, 59 American Psychological Association (APA): Council of Representatives, 34–36, 38, 45; Ethics Committee document on interrogation policy, 36, 190–91; Ethics Office, 38; Model Licensing Act (MLA), 142, 148n13 American Psychological Association (APA) debate on coercive interrogations , 8–9, 21–43, 189, 190–91; definitions , 38, 39; Ethics Committee document on APA interrogation policy, 36, 190–91; issue of societal responsibility (to support national security), 28–31; issues of principle of beneficence/nonmaleficence , 29–31; Koocher’s shift, 32, 45–46; military psychologists, 23–24, 31–32, 38–39, 41n3; PENS report’s critics and APA responses, 27–40, 45–46, 50–51, 189; PENS task force and PENS report, 24–40, 41n6, 45–46, 50–51, 189; problem of secrecy and lack of consultation, 189; resolution acknowledging/affirming UN CAT, 35–36; restatements and clarifications of policy, 34, 36–37; revised antitorture resolutions, 36; twelve ethical obligations (what a psychologist must/ must not do), 25–26. See also American Psychological Association (APA) Ethics Code; psychologists and national security-related work American Psychological Association (APA) Ethics Code, 24–36, 39–40, 45–46, 50–52, 59, 135, 141–42; comparison of 1992/2002 codes, 30, 31; issue of societal responsibility (to support national security), 28–31; issues of principle of beneficence and nonmaleficence , 29–31; and PENS task force/ PENS report, 24–36, 39–40, 45–46, 50, 52, 135; “Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence” (2002), 29; “Principle B: Fidelity and Responsibility” (2002), 28–29; section 1.02 (on international law), 30–36, 45; the 2002 code, 27–36, 39–40, 45–46, 52, 135 Index 216 Index Anderson, Kenneth, 203–4 Annas, George, 115, 144–46, 159 Applbaum, Arthur: on the case of Sanson , executioner of Paris, 126–29; and practice positivism, 13, 128–33, 154–55; on role responsibilities, 13, 125–33, 135, 154–55; on role responsibilities and moral evaluation, 127–30 Arendt, Hannah, 64 Army Field Manual (FM) 34-52, interrogation techniques approved for use by, 181–83, 185, 193n5, 196 army medical personnel. See military doctors (army medical personnel) and the treatment of detainees The Army’s Professional Military Ethic in an Era of Persistent Conflict (Snider, Oh, and Toner), 198–99 Ashcroft, John, 173 assassinations of public officials, behavioral science research on, 49 Augustine, Saint, 95, 202–3 al-Awlaki, Anwar, 197 Banks, Morgan, 32 Beaver, Diane, 84 behavioral science research, 48–50. See also national security psychology; psychologists and national security-related work Beleaguered Rulers: The Public Obligation of the Professional (May), 1, 2 Bellinger, John III, 69 Bok, Derek, 152 Borum, Randy, 46–50, 54–55 Bradbury, Steven: memorandum on “Best Practices for OLC Opinions,” 80–81; “Techniques” and “Combined Techniques” memoranda, 68, 81–83, 89n23, 90n35, 104, 106–7, 108–10, 115, 123–24, 157 Brant, David, 84, 161 Brint, Steven, 3, 5, 6 BSCTs (Behavioral Science Consultation Teams) at Guantánamo Bay, 9, 51–52, 119, 140–41, 158–59 Bush, George W./Bush administration: accountability and the war on terror, 192; and APA interrogation policies, 36–37; doctrine of preemptive or preventative war, 203; and OLC interrogation memoranda, 11, 70–71, 172–74; secrecy , lack of transparency, and neglect of interagency consultation, 172–74, 188–89; US attorneys’ open letter to, 11, 70–71; use of military commissions, 173–78, 188, 189 Bybee, Jay. See Bybee memoranda (“torture memos”) Bybee memoranda (“torture memos”), 38, 67–83, 87–88n1, 147; classified, 67– 68, 69, 73–77, 82, 83, 87–88n1; critics of, 100–101, 107; and failure to support conclusions with solid legal reasoning, 76–77, 89n23, 147; OPR investigation, 11, 71–83; section on “severe pain,” 74–76; section on specific intent, 74; unclassified, 67–71, 73–77, 87–88n1; US attorneys’ open letter to Bush regarding , 11, 70–71; Waldron’s comparison with Dershowitz’s arguments, 100–101 California’s Joint Resolution 19 (oversight mechanisms and state licensing laws), 143 Camus, Albert, 96...