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The Abolition of Man (Lewis), 118 admixed embryos, 90, 131 adult stem cells, 40, 41 Advanced Cell Technology, 88, 108 Aequorea victoria, 98 aging, 127, 128 Alba (albino rabbit), 98 altered nuclear transfer, 64–65 animal-animal hybrids, 60–62 animal-animal transgenics, 99 animal eggs, 77–78, 80–82, 88, 89–91 animal embryonic stem cells, 37–38, 53–54, 89 animal embryos, 81, 91–98, 106 fused with human embryonic stem cells, 37–38, 40–41 moral status of, 83, 84 animal feeder cells, 89 animal-human embryos, 63–66, 82–83, 84 animal-human hybrids advance prohibitions on, 73–74 animal welfare and, 70–71 Bush on, 4–5, 8, 119 definition of, 10–11 dignity and, 62–66 embryos of, 63–66 human-nonhuman primate, 15, 59–60, 62–63, 65–69 imagery of, 6, 134 perspectives on, 113, 131 policy on, 3–4, 62, 63, 71–74 procreation and, 66–69 public opinion on, 5–6, 134 in research, 62 157 Index animal-human research. See early interspecies research animal models, 98, 103–4 animalness, 102 animals founder, 104, 107 vs. humans, 120–26 imagery of, 16 moral status of, 47, 48–49, 122–26, 136 three R policy on, 106–7 animal traits, 47–48, 57–58 animal welfare animal-human hybrids and, 70–71 cognitive level and, 16 cybrids and, 87–88 human-nonhuman chimeras and, 49–50 oversight of, 136 research animals and, 103–6 transgenics and, 104–5 anticipatory restraints, 135 appearance. See traits ARC Centre for Kangeroo Genomics, 61 art, 27 artificial insemination, 61 ARTs. See assisted reproductive technologies Assisted Human Reproduction Act (Canada, 2004), 7, 36, 50, 91, 97, 108 assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), 3, 116–18, 134 animal-human hybrids and, 66–69 chimeras and, 33–36, 44–47 cybrids and, 85–86 ethical issues in, 14–15 158 Index Australia on animal-human hybrids, 72, 73 ARC Centre for Kangeroo Genomics, 61 on cross-species embryo transfer, 92, 95–96 on cybrids, 90–91 on embryonic stems cells, 19 on human-nonhuman chimeras, 51 Prohibition of Human Cloning for Reproduction and the Regulation of Human Embryo Research Amendment Act, 51, 72, 95–96 on transgenics, 108 Austria, 91 Bailey, Ronald, 127, 128 Balkenhol, Stephan, 27 bats, 16 Baylis, Francoise, 15, 45–46, 47, 48, 53, 125 behavioral issues, 70–71 Bekoff, Marc, 125 Beltsville pig, 104–5 Berg, Thomas, 123 Beyond Therapy (President’s Council on Bioethics), 127 the Bible, 123 bioethics, 117, 120, 128 See also ethical issues Biologically related children, 33–35, 36, 59 biotechnology, 3, 111–20 control of, 118–19 economics of, 17, 112, 113, 118–19, 120 as enhancement, 127, 128 intuitive reactions to, 114–16 precautionary principle for, 128 President’s Council on Bioethics on, 127 slippery slope argument on, 59, 118, 120, 131, 132 virtues of, 113 bison, 71 blastocysts, 28, 36, 46, 81 blood chimeras, 29–30 Bok, Hilary, 48 Boyd Group, 101, 107 brains, 41, 43–44 breeding, 61, 111 Brownsword, Roger, 14 Bush, George W., 2–3, 4–5, 8, 18, 119 California, 19, 131 California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), 36, 79 Canada on animal-human hybrids, 72 Assisted Human Reproduction Act, 7, 36, 50, 91, 97, 108 on chimeras, 36, 50–51, 53 on cross-species embryo transfer, 97 on cybrids, 91 embryonic stem cell guidelines, 19 on transgenics, 108 capitalism, 17, 112, 113, 118–19, 120 Castle, David, 48 cattle, 71 Caulfield, Timothy, 14 cell-based therapies, 1 cell lines, 77, 81 cell mix, 2–3, 34–35, 86–87 cell transfer, 7, 37–38 Charo, R. Alta, 116 chickens, 40, 41 Chief Medical Officer’s Expert Group (U.K.), 89 children, 33–35, 36, 59, 69 chimeras, 27–58 blood, 29–30 definition of, 8, 9, 10, 27–28 dignity and, 12–13, 31–33, 42–44, 54, 56 embryos, 90, 94 ethical issues for, 15–16, 31–33, 34, 42–44, 52–53, 56–57 fusion techniques for, 31–33, 37–40, 39f, 54 goat-sheep, 50, 55 human-human, 12–13, 22, 29–30, 31–37, 56 vs. hybrids, 29, 38 imagery of, 8–9, 27, 134, 137 informed consent for, 57 interspecies, 28, 55 intraspecies, 38–41, 39f, 50, 55 mice, 38–41, 39f, 40–41, 42, 43–44, 45, 94–95, 106 mortality of, 106 mythological, 8, 27, 114, 137 natural, 29–31 nonhuman-human, 53–54, 94–95 perspectives on, 5–6, 112–13 policy on, 36–37...

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