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CONTENTS List of Illustrations vii Preface ix Acknowledgments xiii 1 Political Representation and a Brief History of the American LGBT Movement 1 2 See How They Run: Voter Preferences and Candidates’ Experiences with the Role of Sexual Orientation in State Elections 33 3 Assessing the Role of Sexual Orientation in Elections: LGBT State Legislative Candidates, 1992–2006 66 4 In the Legislature: Case Studies on Political Representation and LGBT State Legislators 84 5 Translating Descriptive Representation into Substantive Representation 118 6 Descriptive Representation and Backlash 129 7 Conclusion: Out for Good 148 Appendixes A Survey of 2003–2004 State Legislative Candidates 159 B Political Representation Descriptive Statistics 161 References 163 Index 181 v This page intentionally left blank ...

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