Defending Probabilism: The Moral Theology of Juan Caramuel

Notes

Notes Abbreviations฀ assert.฀=฀assertum BR฀=฀In฀D.฀Benedicti฀Regulam฀Commentarius฀Historicus฀Scholasticus฀Moralis฀ Iudicialis฀Politicus cap.฀=฀caput disp.฀=฀disputatio DNC฀=฀Dialexis฀de฀Non-Certitudine Ep.฀=฀Epistola fund.฀=฀fundamentum PL฀=฀Sacri฀Romani฀Imperii฀Pacis฀Licitae฀Demonstratae,฀Variis฀Olim฀Consiliis฀ Agitatae,฀.฀.฀. q.฀=฀quaestio resol.฀=฀resolutio RR฀=฀Rationalis฀et฀Realis฀Philosophia TMF฀=฀Theologia฀Moralis฀Fundamentalis TR฀=฀Theologia฀Regularis:฀Hoc฀est฀in฀SS.฀Basili,฀Augustini,฀Benedicti,฀Francisci,฀ &c฀Regulas฀Commentarii฀ tract.฀=฀tractatus Preface ฀ 1.฀Juan฀Caramuel,฀Apologema฀pro฀Antiquissima฀et฀Universalissima฀Doctrina฀de฀ Probabilitate.฀Contra฀Novam,฀Singularem,฀Improbabilemque฀D.฀Prosperi฀Fagnani฀ Opinationem฀(Lyon:฀Anisson,฀1663).฀ ฀ 2.฀ Prospero฀ Fagnani,฀ Commentaria฀ in฀ Primum฀ Librum฀ Decretalium,฀ .฀ .฀ .฀ (Venice:฀Paul฀Balleonius,฀1709),฀De฀constit.,฀cap.฀5,฀Ne฀innitaris,฀pp.฀25–91.฀ ฀ 3.฀Alphonsus฀Liguori,฀Theologia฀Moralis,฀rev.฀ed.,฀ed.฀Leonard฀Gaudé฀(Rome:฀ Typographia฀Vaticana,฀1907),฀vol.฀2,฀p.฀143:฀“Magnus฀rigoristarum฀princeps.”฀ ฀ 4.฀ See฀ Th.฀ Deman,฀ “Probabilisme,”฀ Dictionnaire฀ de฀ théologie฀ catholique฀ (Paris:฀Letouzey฀et฀Ané,฀1936),฀vol.฀13,฀col.฀417.฀Deman฀cites฀the฀word฀from฀a฀ work฀of฀the฀Jansenist฀leader฀Antoine฀Arnauld.฀ ฀ 5.฀See฀Deman,฀cols.฀463–70;฀Louis฀Vereecke’s฀unpublished฀lecture฀notes฀on฀ the฀history฀of฀moral฀theology,฀“Storia฀della฀teologia฀morale฀moderna”฀(Rome:฀ Academia฀ Alfonsiana,฀ n.d.),฀ Vol.฀ 2,฀ “Storia฀ della฀ teologia฀ morale฀ in฀ Spagna฀ nel฀xvio฀secolo฀e฀origine฀delle฀‘institutiones฀morales,’”฀77–84;฀M.฀W.฀F.฀Stone,฀ “Scrupulosity฀and฀Conscience:฀Probabilism฀in฀Early฀Modern฀Scholastic฀Ethics,”฀ in฀Contexts฀of฀Conscience฀in฀Early฀Modern฀Europe,฀1500–1700,฀ed.฀Harald฀E.฀Braun฀ and฀Edward฀Vallance฀(New฀York:฀Palgrave฀Macmillan,฀2004),฀6–10;฀M.฀W.฀F.฀ Stone฀and฀T.฀Van฀Houdt,฀“Probabilism฀and฀Its฀Methods:฀Leonardus฀Lessius฀and฀ His฀Contribution฀to฀the฀Development฀of฀Jesuit฀Casuistry,”฀Ephemerides฀Theologicae ฀Lovaniensis฀75฀(1999),฀370–75;฀Jean฀Delumeau,฀L’aveu฀et฀le฀pardon:฀Les฀ difficultés฀de฀la฀confession฀xiiie -xviiie ฀siècle฀(Paris:฀Fayard,฀1990),฀133–38;฀Albert฀R.฀ Jonsen฀and฀Stephen฀Toulmin,฀The฀Abuse฀of฀Casuistry:฀A฀History฀of฀Moral฀Reasoning ฀(Berkeley:฀University฀of฀California฀Press,฀1988),฀164–67;฀and฀John฀Mahoney,฀ The฀Making฀of฀Moral฀Theology:฀A฀Study฀of฀the฀Roman฀Catholic฀Tradition฀(Oxford:฀ University฀Press,฀1987;฀Oxford:฀Clarendon฀Press,฀1989),฀135–43. ฀ 6.฀Julián฀Velarde฀Lombraña,฀Juan฀Caramuel,฀vida฀y฀obra฀(Oviedo,฀Spain:฀ Pentalfa฀Ediciones,฀1989),฀200–202,฀217–18,฀240–44;฀Alessandro฀Catalano,฀“Juan฀ Caramuel฀Lobkowicz฀(1606–1682)฀e฀la฀riconquista฀delle฀coscienze฀in฀Boemia,”฀ Römische฀historische฀Mitteilungen฀44฀(2002),฀339–92;฀Dino฀Pastine,฀Juan฀Caramuel :฀Probabilismo฀ed฀enciclopedia฀(Florence:฀La฀Nuova฀Italia฀Editrice,฀1975),฀ 94,฀101–103.฀ ฀ 7.฀Velarde฀Lombraña,฀255;฀Pastine,฀Probabilismo,฀116. ฀ 8.฀Velarde฀Lombraña,฀263.฀ ฀ 9.฀Velarde฀Lombraña฀includes฀a฀catalogue฀of฀Caramuel’s฀published฀works฀ and฀unpublished฀manuscripts฀(381–415).฀ ฀ 10.฀Ibid.,฀376. ฀ 11.฀Liguori,฀1:286:฀“laxorum฀.฀.฀.฀principe.”฀ ฀ 12.฀See฀Franz฀Heinrich฀Reusch,฀Der฀Index฀der฀Verbotenen฀Bücher:฀Ein฀Beitrag฀ zur฀Kirchen-฀und฀Literaturgeschichte฀(1885;฀reprint,฀Aalen:฀Scientia฀Verlag,฀1967),฀ 2:502.฀ ฀ 13.฀See,฀for฀example,฀the฀discussion฀in฀Delumeau,฀L’aveu,฀134–35. ฀ Chapter฀1 1.฀Vereecke,฀vol.฀3,฀“Storia฀della฀teologia฀morale฀nel฀XVII฀secolo:฀La฀crisi฀ della฀teologia฀morale,”฀(Rome:฀Academia฀Alfonsiana,฀n.d.),฀39.฀ ฀ 2.฀Ibid.,฀3:42–43.฀See฀also฀Servais฀Pinckaers,฀The฀Sources฀of฀Christian฀Ethics,฀ trans.฀Mary฀Thomas฀Noble฀(Washington,฀DC:฀Catholic฀University฀of฀America฀ Press,฀1995),฀260–66.฀However,฀Caramuel฀did฀not฀follow฀Azor’s฀approach. 154฀ Notes฀to฀Pages฀xvii–1 ฀ 3.฀For฀a฀discussion฀of฀the฀various฀genres,฀see฀Albert฀R.฀Jonsen฀and฀Stephen฀ Toulmin,฀The฀Abuse฀of฀Casuistry:฀A฀History฀of฀Moral฀Reasoning฀(Berkeley:฀University ฀of฀California฀Press,฀1988),฀139–42,฀152–56.฀ ฀ 4.฀ See,฀ for฀ example,฀ Theologia฀ Moralis฀ Fundamentalis฀ (1652;฀ reprint,฀ St.฀ Louis:฀Manuscripta,฀microfilms฀of฀rare฀and฀out-of-print฀books,฀list฀37,฀no.฀3),฀ fund.฀11,฀sect.฀5,฀no.฀273฀(p.฀137);฀fund.฀3,฀nos.฀105–67฀(pp.฀48–80);฀fund.฀5,฀sects.฀ 2–4,฀nos.฀173–176฀(pp.฀83–84).฀Subsequent฀references฀to฀this฀work฀will฀use฀the฀ abbreviation฀TMF฀and฀the฀edition฀date฀(1652),฀(1656),฀(1675–76).฀I฀have฀not฀ consulted฀the฀1657฀edition. ฀ 5.฀See฀Jean฀Delumeau,฀“Prescription฀and฀Reality,”฀in฀Conscience฀and฀Casuistry ฀in฀Early฀Modern฀Europe,฀ed.฀Edmund฀Leites฀(Cambridge:฀Cambridge฀University ฀Press,฀1988),฀147.฀ ฀ 6.฀Jonsen฀and฀Toulmin,฀144.฀ ฀ 7.฀See฀Heinrich฀Denziger,฀Enchiridion฀Symbolorum:฀Definitionum฀et฀Declarationum ฀de฀rebus฀Fidei฀et฀Morum฀(hereafter฀Enchiridion),฀33rd฀ed.,฀ed.฀Adolf ฀Schönmetzer฀(Freiburg,฀Germany:฀Herder,฀1965),฀nos.฀1679,฀1709฀(pp.฀394,฀ 402–403).฀On฀the฀discussion฀at฀Trent,฀see฀John฀Bossy,฀“The฀Social฀History฀of฀ Confession฀in...