African American Bioethics: Culture, Race, and Identity

Index

INDEX Abu Ghraib prison, 105 affirmative action, 56, 75 African American, as term, 155–56 African American Heart Failure Trial (A-HeFT) and BiDil, 11, 21n19, 22n30, 84–85, 137, 144–45 African American perspectives on culture and biomedical ethics, ix–xxi, 1–23, 129; and African traditional folkways, xvi–xvii; antimajoritarian and antiutilitarian, 4; antisituationist, 4, 5; benefits for contemporary thought, 6–8; and bioethics discipline, x–xi, xii, xiii; and clinical ethical decision making, xiv–xv, 127–36; and cultural relativism, 2–3, 18–20n18; defining culture, ix–x; and degraded antilife bioethics, 8; development of the current volume, xii–xv; elements that ought to characterize, 4–5; and an “ethics of trust,” 4; ethnoracial issues, 12–15; and families, 4; and Garcia’s standpoint epistemology, x, xiii, 3, 154, 156; and human dignity, 4–5; humanizing influence of, 7–8; implications for other cultural groups, xv–xvii; and individualism, 5–6; methodology of, 1, 2, 58–59; and moral absolutism, xviii–xix; moral norms at work in, 1, 2; moral philosophical questions, xviii–xx; and moral relativism, xviii–xix; and 1992 article/conference, xi–xii, 4–6, 18–21n18; and patient autonomy, 4; and political thought, 4, 6–7, 16n13, 17n14, 129–31; professional moral obligations, xvi–xvii; the promise of, 1–3; and racial concepts in medical research, xv, 8–12, 137–51; and religious faith/ insights, xvii, 4, 6; and scientism, 4; and sociopolitical concerns, xii–xiii;“standpoint epistemology,” x, xiii, 3, 154, 156; topics of, 1, 2; and unique moral claims, 1–2, 18–20n18; and virtue ethics, 3, 154. See also personal narratives of African American medical professionals African traditional culture: concepts of health, 95; folk healing and legacy of, 95–98; and moral weight of culture in ethics, 26, 34, 35, 39–43; professional moral obligations with regard to, xvi–xvii; Yoruba customs, 26, 39–40, 42–43 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 73, 76 Alcoa, 56 Alexander v. Sandoval (2001), 78 American Cancer Society, 54, 60 American Enterprise Institute, 49, 55, 56, 59 An American Health Dilemma: A Medical History of African Americans and the Problem of Race (Byrd and Clayton), 99 American Journal of Public Health, 59 American Medical Association, 49–50 American Petroleum Institute, 56 American Psychological Association, 59 The Apostolic Faith (Azusa Street revival newspaper), 97 Appelbaum, P. S., 118–21 Appiah, Anthony, 8, 155–56 asthma deaths, 48 Audi, Robert, 154 autonomy: and African American bioethical perspectives, 4, 7–8; ethical issue of, 40–41 Avise, J. C., 140 Bad Blood (Jones), 52 Baldwin, James, 113 Ball, R. M., 140 Bamshad, M., 139–41 Banner, William Augustus, 132–35 161 Barbados, 106–7 Beauchamp, Tom, 1, 18–20n18 The Bell Curve (Herrnstein and Murray), 59 Belmont Report, 53 Bentham, Jeremy, 134 BiDil trials, 21n19, 84–85, 137, 144–45; FDA approval, 84, 148; and use of racial variables in medical research, 11, 21n19, 22n30, 84–85, 137, 144–45 bioethics discipline: birth and evolution of, x–xi, 154–55; and differences in handling moral issues, x–xi; expansion of, xii, xiii; interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary approach, x; metaethical analyses, 154–55, 157n11; “multidisciplinary” approaches, 154–55; recent attention to relationship between bioethics and culture, 155 bioterrorism and black postal workers, xiv, 93–104; GAO review of government response to anthrax contamination, 101–2; and history of racist medical experimentation in American medicine, 99–101; and legacy of African traditional beliefs, 95–98; and mistrust of medicine, 94–95, 99–101; refusing or discontinuing treatment, 94–95, 102; role of religion in postal workers’ responses, 95, 98, 102–3; suspicions of anthrax vaccine program, 94–95, 102 The Birth of Bioethics (Jonsen), 154–55 Blackmun, Justice Harry A., 67, 68 Bloche, M. G., 144 Boston Globe, 137 Bradley Foundation, 59 Brannigan, Michael, xix Breaking the Fine Rain of Death (Townes), 100 Breckenridge, Alasdair, 142 Brent, Linda, 112 Brookings Institution, 50 Brown, Michael, 69 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), 67–68, 69–70 Bush, President George W., 56, 80, 129 Byrd, W. Michael, 99–100 Cabral, Amilcar, 32 California initiative process: “Proposition 54,” 74–75; “Proposition 209,” 75 Canadian health care system, 132 cancer: “Cancer Alley,” 50, 59; Louisiana mortality rate, 51; and persisting health status disparities, 68; smoking-related, 54 “Cancer Alley,” 50, 59 Candilis, P. J., 121 Caring and Curing: Health and Medicine in the Western Religious Traditions (Wacker), 97 Carter, Justice Robert, 70 Cato Institute, 50, 51, 53–54...