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Italicized numbers indicate pages with illustrations. achiote, 36 Achuar, 181, 193 ACM. See Associated Colleges of the Midwest adornos. See ceramics agency theory, 198, 200 Aguas Buenas Culture/Phase, 6–7, 8, 14, 143, 173; presence at Rivas, 139, 157, 167 Andes/Andean Culture, 3, 17, 25, 53– 54, 149, 150, 196, 197 andesite, 5, 6, 42, 149, 174, 178. See also Piedra Muerta Fill archaeological regions and subregions. See regions and subregions in Central America architecture: arrangement of as construction phases, 64–66, 72; ceremonial/sacred/profane, 40– 41, 126; circular and quadrangular symbolism of, 152; fences/delimit spaces, 82, 115; zones, 135, 141– 145, 156, 178. See also space armadillos, symbolism of, 181 Associated Colleges of the Midwest (ACM), 11–12, 33, 34, 56, 59, 95 Atlantic Watershed Zone, 4, 6, 9, 162, 192 backdirt: looters, 85, 136–138, 140, 142, 178; pile at site, 80 bajareque, 30 ballena(s), 72–75, 81–82, 113, 146, 151; in Complex IV (The Plaza), 102, 108, 110–111, 110, 113, 146 balloon. See Floatograph system balls, stone. See stone bananas and plantains, 8, 14, 23, 33, 105, 189 barrels, stone. See stone Baudez, Claude, 11, 21, 160 beaches and beach towns, 11–12, 13, 21, 23, 92, 163 beads, 46, 47, 169; European trade, 10, 57 beer, 12, 56, 68, 96, 98, 114, 116, 120, 173. See also chicha Bicho de Oro. See Gold Bug Bichrome Period, 6 Blanco, Aida, 19, 23, 25, 30, 37, 49, 58, 59, 79, 85, 87, 92, 100, 138, 146, 202 Boas, Franz, 16 Boruca, 186 Bozzoli de Wille, María Eugenia, 128 Bribri, 172–173, 185–187, 187, 191, 192, 196 Brunca, 186 Buenos Aires (town), 1, 114, 115, 139, 146, 150, 194, 199 Buenos Aires Polychrome. See ceramics burials. See graves bus station: in San José, 1–2; in San Isidro, 4 Cabécar, 185–188, 187 cane fields, 49, 52, 60, 105 carbon, 18, 32, 49, 52, 57, 99, 105, 157, 200; in Op C, 57–58, 124; in Op D, 94; maize kernels, 31 Carneiro, Robert, 16, 198 Cartago, 3, 4 Ceiba Red-Brown. See ceramics celestial phenomena and myth, 193 cemetery/cemeteries, 6, 57, 58, 82, 84–86, 112, 113, 132, 142, 145, index 151–153, 156, 172, 194, 196–199; Bribri, 189; contemporary on Pante ón, 131; El Chiricano, 138; Murci élago cemeteries, 141–142, 142, 144, 156, 197; La Pista, 142–145, 166; El Zoncho, 143, 173 Central Valley: artifacts and ancient travel from, 21, 71, 151, 163; modern travel through, 1–4, 10 ceramics: adornos, 6, 20, 160, 161, 162, 163, 172; Black Ware, 20, 22; bowls 20, 44–47, 45, 46, 47, 71, 71, 100, 156, 161, 163, 167, 169–173, 170, 171, 174, 180–182; Buenos Aires Polychrome , 9, 20–21, 22, 31, 47, 100, 119, 119, 123, 124, 126, 142, 156– 159, 159, 160, 163, 166, 166, 167, 169– 171, 173–174, 180–181, 186; Carbonera , 159, 172; Ceiba Red-Brown, 20–21, 45, 46, 46, 47, 100, 124, 142, 156, 158, 159, 159, 172; decorative techniques, 20; disks, 32, 169; figurines , 39; Fish Ware, 21, 22, 172; human, 163–168, 163, 167, 168; jars, 45–47, 45, 46, 100, 119, 119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 142, 156, 166, 167, 169– 173, 170, 171, 174, 180–182; Panteón White Line, 142, 160, 173; Papayal Engraved, 20, 21, 48, 71, 100, 124, 158, 159, 160, 163, 169, 171, 173; peccary, 34, 182; Red Wares, 48–49, 124, 133, 158, 160, 170, 173; Rivas Red Incised, 161–162, 162; Sangria Fine Red, 20, 21, 47, 48, 100, 123– 124, 158, 159, 159, 160; spindle whorls, 32, 38, 39, 40, 45, 47, 48, 146, 149; tapir, 46, 48, 182; Tarragó Biscuit , 20, 21, 160, 161, 161, 173, 180, 181; Turucaca White-on-Red, 20, 21, 47, 48, 100, 123, 124, 158, 159, 159, 160; Zoila Red Engraved, 162. See also graves; miniatures; sherds Cerro Chirripó. See Chirripó Cerro de la Muerte, 3 chicha, 120, 166–167, 172, 173, 180, 189, 190–191 chiefs and chiefdoms, 11, 13–18, 20, 27, 49, 54, 56, 77, 134, 145, 155, 180, 185–193, 198–200; Antonio Saldaña 30, 31 Chiriquí: characteristics of material culture, 20–21, 31; culture and region , 4, 6, 9, 9, 10, 14, 18, 84, 87, 94, 99, 101, 134, 142–143, 151, 155–182, 184, 186, 190, 192, 194, 196–200; “Greater” discussed, 196 Chirripó: Cerro, 4, 23; National Park, 23; River del Pac...