Twelve Millennia: Archaeology of the Upper Mississippi River Valley

Index

Aco, Michel, 175–176, 181 Adena points, 90–91, 102 adzes, 67–68; figure, 67 Aebischer site, 61 Agate Basin points, 63, 65–66; figure, 64 Agger Rockshelter, 219 agriculture, 13, 37, 107, 141, 143, 145, 150, 155–157, 165, 167–169, 172, 178, 191, 212. See also plant cultivation Albany Mounds, 112–113, 194 Alex, Robert, 165 Allamakee County (Iowa), 42, 204 Allamakee phase, 122 Allamakee Trailed, 169 Allen/Frederick points, 63 Alloez, Claude, 180 altars (of effigy mounds), 130–131 Altithermal, 37, 70, 74, 82 Andre, Father Louis, 175–176, 181 Angelo Punctated, 153–154, 164; figure, 153 annual round. See seasonal activities anthropology, 2 Apple River, 29, 143–144, 151, 154–156, 164–165 Archaeological Conservancy, 24 archaeological record, 3 archaeology, 1 Archaic period, 47, 64, 69–95, 98, 101, 124, 143, 155, 170, 190, 212; Early, 48, 71, 76, 82; Late, 45, 65, 77, 80, 85–91, 93, 100, 102, 110; Middle, 45, 74, 75, 77, 79, 80, 82–83, 90. See also Old Copper Culture, Red Ocher Culture Armstrong site, 47, 165, 194 arrow manufacturing, 135–136, 201 arrow tips, 85, 127, 135, 170. See also bow and arrow, specific point styles artifacts, 3 Arzigian, Constance, 48 atlatls, 76–77, 135 axes, 26, 75–76, 78, 87–88, 116, 124, 160; figures, 49, 116–117 Aztalan Collared, 146, 148–149 Aztalan site, 146, 151, 161, 163–164, 180; figures, 145 (artifact), 146 i n d e x Bad Axe River Valley, 29, 42, 128, 131, 137– 138, 185 Baerreis, David A., 45 Bailey Farm phase, 169 band level of sociopolitical organization , 11, 59, 85, 104, 125, 138–139, 190 bannerstones, 75–77, 90; figure, 78 Baraboo Hills, 113, 117, 121 Bard Lawrence “Boy Scout” Rockshelter , 47 Bartron site, 46, 165 Bass site, 24, 48, 71–72, 74; figures, 73 (artifacts), 74 Bear Creek, 65, 177–179, 181 Beaubien, Paul, 46, 95 Beauharnois, Governor, 182 Behm, Jeffery, 48 Bell Coulee Rockshelter, 170, 220–221; figure, 221 Bell site, 182 Beltrami, J. C., 29, 185 Bennett, John, 154 Bennett phase, 154, 155 Beringia, 34, 53, 57 Beringia-Walk model, 54 Besant Culture, 119 bison, 32, 37, 55, 69, 119, 135, 158–159, 169–170, 172, 174–176, 181, 184, 190– 191, 197–198, 218–221, 224–225; figures , 55, 159, 217–218, 220–221, 225 Bison antiquus, 55, 57, 62 Bison occidentalis, 55, 66–67, 223; figures 35, 55, 224 Black Hawk, 185 Black Hawk War, 185 Black River, 28, 65, 218 Black Sand phase, 101 Blackwater Draw site, 56–57 blanks. See preforms Blue Earth phase, 165–167 Blue Earth River Valley, 159, 162 Boaz Mastodon site, 34, 59; figure, 61 Bobwhite site, 77, 90 bow and arrow, 127, 131, 134–138, 141, 151, 155, 191, 221–222, 224; figure, 218, 222, 225. See also arrow tips Brangenberg Plain, 111 Brice Prairie phase, 166, 219 Bright, Ernest, 114 Brogley Rockshelter, 47, 194, 209 Brown, Charles, 192, 218 Browns Valley points, 63 Bryan site, 46, 154, 161, 165, 180 Buck Creek site, 75 buffalo. See bison Buffalo County (Wisconsin), 47, 61–62 Buffalo River, 28, 32, 66, 176 Bureau of American Ethnology, 42, 108, 111, 139 burials, 3, 10, 12, 44, 45, 47, 75, 79–80, 87–89, 91–95, 98, 100–101, 107, 109– 111, 113–117, 122, 124–127, 129–131, 138, 169, 178, 180, 191, 204; figure, 10 Burlington chert, 71, 90, 91, 95, 103, 150, 160, 166–167, 169, 172 Burlington phase, 165 cache, 65–66, 68, 91, 118; figures, 66, 92 Cade, Loren, 135–136, 201 Cahokia points, 132, 134–136, 148, 150, 165 Cahokia site, 134, 141, 144–146, 149, 150– 151, 155, 157, 163–165; figure, 145 calumet ceremonies, 170, 176 Cambria complex, 154 camp sites. See habitation sites Cannon River, 27, 144 Carroll Rockshelter, 194, 198 Carver, Jonathan, 184, 217 catlinite, 77, 89, 113, 115, 121, 159–160, 162, 169–170, 172, 181, 223; figure, 116 Cedar River, 185 celts, 87–88, 115, 162; figure, 87 cemeteries. See burials chalcedony, 44, 118 Challey-Turbensen site, 24, 71 Chariton River, 162 246 | i n d e x Chesrow points, 64 chiefdoms, 13 Chippewa River, 27, 165 Chippewa tribe, 175, 180, 182–183 Chocolate site, 24 clans, 13, 134, 139, 141 Clark, Frances, 118 Clayton County (Iowa), 42, 91 climate. See environment Clovis Culture, 54; figure, 56; points, 57–60, 62–63, 65 Cochrane chert, 24, 61...