Hunger: The Biology and Politics of Starvation

Notes

Notes Prologue: “Peasants Always Starve” 1. Jack Shepherd, The Politics of Starvation (Washington, DC: The Carnegie Endowment, 1974), 1–2. 2. Nigel Dower, “Global Hunger: Moral Dilemmas,” in Ben Mepham, ed., Food Ethics (London: Routledge, 1996), 1. Also Newsfeed@wfp.org, “1.02 billion people hungry,” June 19, 2009. 3. “WFP and Millennium Villages Unite to Cut Hunger and Malnutrition,” WFP/ Millennium Villages News Release, September 28, 2009, 2. 4. http:/ /www.millenniumcampaign.org/site/pp.asp?c=grKVL2NLE&b=185518. 5. Ibid.; http:/ /www.alertnet.org/db/topics/HUNGER.htm. 6. World Health Organization, http:/ /www.who.int/nutrition/challenges/en/index. html. See also WFP, “Weathering the Storm,” WFP Fact Sheet, 2009, http:/ /www.wfp.org/ english/?n=999. 7. “Report: More Americans Going Hungry,” Washington Post, November 16, 2009; also USDA, Economic Research Service, “Food Security in the United States,” at http:/ /www.ers .usda.gov/briefing/Foodsecurity. 8. http:/ /www.alertnet.org/db/topics/HUNGER.htm from UNICEF and WFP sources. 9. Centre for Global Negotiations, “The Brandt Equation: 21st Century Blueprint for the New Global Economy,” http:/ /www.brandt21forum.info/. 10. “If the World Were Food, Nobody Would Go Hungry,” The Economist 166, November 21, 2009, 61. 11. Jeffrey D. Sachs, “Commentary: 3 Billion Poor People Need World’s Help,” March 20, 2009, www.cnn.com. 12. “If the World Were Food, Nobody Would Go Hungry,” The Economist 166, 21 November 2009, 61. 13. Josette Sheeran, “High Global Food Prices: The Challenges and Opportunities,” in Responding to the Global Food Crisis: Three Perspectives (Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2008), 11. 14. WHO/UNICEF, “Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-water 2010 Update” (Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2010), 6, 7; Fogarty Center for Advanced Study in the Health Sciences, “Strategic Plan: Fiscal Years 2000–2003” (Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, n.d.), www.fic.nih.gov/about/plan/exec_summary.htm; UN-Habitat, The State of the World’s Cities 2010/2011 (London: UN-Habitat, 2010), http:/ /www.unhabitat .org/pmss/listItemDetails.aspx?publicationID=2917. 15. “Economic Crisis is Devastating for the World’s Hungry,” Joint FAO/WFP news release, FAO/WP, October 14, 2009. 16. “Statement by WFP Executive Director Josette Sheeran on the world food summit and feeding the hungry billion,” WFP Statement, November 17, 2009. 292 [] Notes to Pages 3–18 17. Dower, “Global Hunger: Moral Dilemmas,” 9–10. 18. Ibid., 1. 19. Cormac Ó Gráda. The Great Irish Famine (Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 1997), 41. The Dutch Winter Famine of 1944 is considered an “artificial famine” created by the Nazi siege of sections of the Netherlands. 20. Albert L. Lehninger, Bioenergetics: The Molecular Basis of Biological Energy Transformations, 2nd ed. (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1971). 21. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 7. 22. Thomas Pogge, “Unjust Social Rules: Killing and Causing Pain,” 35th Annual Francis W. Gramlich Memorial Lecture, Dartmouth College, April 3, 2009. 1. The Silent Emergency 1. Mehari Gebre-Medhin and Bo Vahlquist, “Famine in Ethiopia—A Brief Review,” The American Journal of Nutrition 29 (September 1976): 1016–20. 2. U.S. Congress, Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, Feeding the World’s Population: Developments in the Decade Following the World Food Conference of 1974 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984), 9. 3. Ibid., 20. 4. Ibid., 8. 5. Ibid., 9. 6. Ibid., 17. 7. Ellen Messer and Marc J. Cohen, “The Human Right to Food as a US Nutrition Concern,” IFPRI Discussion Paper 00731 (Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2007), 11. 8. Ibid., 11–12. 9. “Food as a Human Right,” Interview with Asbjorn Eide, in News & Views (Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, April 2001), 4. 10. Smita Narula, “The Right to Food: Holding Global Actors Accountable Under International Law,” Center for Human Rights and Global Justice Working Paper Number 7 (New York: New York University School of Law, 2006), 64. 11. “Food as a Human Right,” 5. 12. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 25 (Lake Success, NY: General Assembly, United Nations, December 10, 1948), 1. 13. Ibid., 7. 14. Ibid., 3. 15. Thomas Pogge, “Unjust Social Rules: Killing and Causing Pain,” 35th Annual Francis W. Gramlich Memorial Lecture, Dartmouth College, April 3, 2009. 16. http:/ /www.wfp.org/aboutwfp/introduction/hunger_what. asp?section=1&sub_section=1. 17. “Flash Points Loom in War on Hunger,” New York Times, November 18, 2002, 27. 18. Tracey Wilkinson, “UN Says 1 Billion Face Hunger,” Los Angeles Times, June 4, 2008, A1. 19. Josette...