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Acknowledgments Many hours of research in the William Robertson Coe Library andAmerican Heritage Center at the University of Wyoming went into the making of this book. I am grateful to the staff of the Coe Library, as well as the William E. Morgan Library at Colorado State University, and the Special Collections room at New Mexico State University, and thankful for their extensive collections of western history. Thanks are due to the Auburn-Placer County Library of Auburn , California, for a copy of Jean Baptiste Charbonneau’s obituary in The Placer Herald; to Kerry Samson of that library for information about the Orleans Hotel; to Kathy Hodges of the Idaho State Historical Society for a copy of Baptiste’s obituary in The Owyhee Avalanche; and to Ila Harner, city clerk and treasurer of Jordan Valley, Oregon, for help in finding the burial site of Baptiste. Orlan Svingen of the Washington State University History Department and RoderickAriwite of the Lemhi Shoshone tribe were helpful regarding the Lemhi Shoshone people. Viola and Kelly Anglin of the Tendoy Store in Tendoy, Idaho, guided us around Sacagawea’s birthplace. At the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Donna Phillips of the Genealogical Committee discovered information on the question of Toussaint Charbonneau’s birth date. Librarian Julianne Ruby and Martin L. Erickson, then editor of We Proceeded On, the foundation’s magazine, provided copies of articles. ix My notes and bibliography will show how much I owe to men and women more learned than I who have plowed this ground before me. The conclusions I reached are, of course, my own. My wife, Joyce Miller Nelson, helped me to see the Charbonneaus, not only as key figures in great events of American history, but as living human beings. Acknowledgments x ...

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