Interpreters with Lewis and Clark: The Story of Sacagawea and Toussaint Charbonneau

Notes

133 Notes Introduction 1. John E. Sunder, Joshua Pilcher: Fur Trader and Indian Agent (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1968), 140-41, 143, 145, 147-48, 150; Louise Barry, ed., “William Clark’s Diary, May, 1826-February, 1831: Part One,” Kansas Historical Quarterly, February, 1948, 16-17. The Army withheld Clark’s commission as a captain, and he was technically a lieutenant, but his pay was the same as Lewis’s, the two addressed each other as captain and both are referred to as captains in the journals. See Donald Jackson, ed., Letters of the Lewis and Clark Expedition with Related Documents , 1783-1854, 2d ed. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1978), I, 173, 179. 2. Sunder, 122, 144-48; Jackson II, 648-49; LeRoy R. Hafen, ed., The Mountain Men and the Fur Trade of the Far West: Biographical Sketches of the Participants by Scholars of the Subject (Glendale, Calif.: Arthur H. Clark, 1965), 217. Chapter One: The Meeting 1. Gary E. Moulton, ed., The Journals of the Lewis & Clark Expedition (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1987) III, 228-29; Annie Heloise Abel, ed., Chardon’s Journals at Fort Clark (Pierre: Department of History, State of South Dakota, 1932), 14, 31; Ernest Staples Osgood, ed., The Field Notes of Captain William Clark, 1803-1805 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1964) 172. 2. Moulton, IX, 93; Carol Lynn MacGregor, The Journals of Patrick Gass: Member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (Missoula, Mont.: Mountain Press Publishing Company, 1997), 14-15; Osgood, 173. 3. Moulton III, 226-27. 134 4. Reuben Gold Thwaites, ed., Early Western Travels, 1748-1846. 32 vols. (Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark, 1904), XXIII, 223; James P. Ronda, Lewis and Clark among the Indians (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1984), 70-73. 5. Donald Jackson, Letters of the Lewis and Clark Expedition with Related Documents, 1783-1854, 2d ed. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1978), I, 57-66. 6. Jackson, I, 37-38, n40, 115-119, 123. 7. Peter C. Newman, Company of Adventurers: The Story of the Hudson’s Bay Company (Hammondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1985), I, 247-48. 8. Moulton, III, 3, 228. 9. Jackson, II, 378; Charles Larpenteur, Forty Years a Fur Trader on the Upper Missouri (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989), 72-73; Osgood, 174. 10. Moulton, IV, 11; Moulton, XI, 8; Moulton IX, 95-97. 11. John Bakeless, Lewis & Clark: Partners in Discovery (New York: W. Morrow, 1947), 2, 22; MacGregor, 8. 12. John Upton Terrell, Furs by Astor (New York: W. Morrow, 1963), 64-75; Moulton, III, n228-29. 13. Raymond W. Wood and Robert D. Thiessen, eds., Early Fur Trade on the Northern Plains (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985), 42-46; Thwaites, XXIII, 230, 276, 357; Wood and Thiessen, 6; Elwyn B. Robinson, History of North Dakota (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1966), 19, 21; John C. Luttig, Journal of a Fur-Trading Expedition on the Upper Missouri, 1812-1813, ed. by Stella M. Drumm (reprint, New York: Argosy-Antiquarian Press, 1964), 136; Hilde Beaty, “Louis and Toussaint Charbonneau,” Families, February, 1987; A. P. Nasatir, ed. Before Lewis and Clark: Documents Illustrating the History of the Missouri, 1785-1804 (St. Louis: St. Louis Historical Documents Foundation, 1952), II, 831. 14. Russell Reid, “Sakakawea,” North Dakota History, July, 1963, 10103 ; Ronda, 256; Reuben Gold Thwaites, Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804-1806 (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1904), I, 219; Sylvia Van Kirk, Many Tender Ties: Women in Fur Trade Society, 1670-1870 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980), 36-37; Brigham D. Notes to Chapter 1 135 Madsen, The Lemhi: Sacajawea’s People (Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Printers , 1979), 25-26. Abel, 271; “Maraje of Toussaint Charbonneau,” Dictinnain Hishrique Des Canadiens (Quebec, 1908), excerpt in Grace Raymond Hebard Papers, 1829-1947, Accession Number 40008, Box Number 33, Folder Number 3, American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming; Donna J. Kessler, The Making of Sacagawea: A Euro-American Legend (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1996), 78-79; Moulton V, 8-9, IX, 192. 15. “Peak Named for Squaw Who Aided Lewis, Clark,” unidentified newspaper clipping, Nov. 23, 1930, Grace Raymond Hebard Papers, Box Number 56, Folder Number 8; Toledo Choral Society program, March 13, 1931, Hebard papers, Box 44, Folder 10; Ronald W. Taber, “Sacagawea and the Suffragettes: An Interpretation of a Myth,” Pacific Northwest Quarterly, January, 1967, 7-9. 16. George Creel, “Path of Empire,” Collier’s...