The Legacy of American Copper Smelting: Industrial Heritage versus Environmental Policy

Index

Index 1913 Strike, Michigan, 154 Acid mine drainage, 186 Acid rain, 43, 65 Ahmeek, MI, 33 All-milling, 51 Amalgamated Copper Company, 62, 106 American Brass, 106 American Institute of Mining Engineers (AIME), 162 Amygdaloid (rock), 19, 28, 30 Anaconda, MT, xviii, 32, 34, 52, 54, 55, 56, 58, 104–7, 109, 112–20, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133–46, 150, 151, 158, 182, 184, 186–91, 193–95, 200, 202 Anaconda Copper Mining Company (ACM), 54–66, 101, 105–22, 124, 132, 138, 146, 225n15, 225n21 Anaconda Minerals Company (AMC), 111, 134, 141 Anaconda Smelter. See Washoe Smelter Anaconda smelter “Old Works,” 54, 56, 138. See also Upper Works and Lower Works Anaconda Smelter Smoke Commission, 62, 117 Anaconda Stack, 60, 62, 101–5, 115, 117, 125, 132, 134, 136, 141–46, 150, 184, 189. See also Washoe Stack Anaconda Stack State Park, 143, 145 Anaconda Wire and Cable Company, 106 Anacondans to preserve the stack, 134, 143 Anatolia, 2 Anode (copper,) 23, 56, 59 Antiquities Act, xxi, 176 Arcadian Mine, 162 Arizona, 18, 22, 52, 59, 62, 64, 106, 107, 154, 181 Arsenic, 1, 5, 8, 9, 12, 30, 60, 63, 68, 107, 115, 116, 117, 126, 127, 137, 139, 140, 172, 185, 186, 226n44 Atlantic Richfield Oil Company (ARCO), 64, 101, 110–13, 115, 125, 129–32, 135, 141–43, 146, 183, 185 Baltimore, MD, 24, 26, 27, 32, 36, 53, 55 Baltimore and Cuba Copper Company, 18, 25 Baltimore Copper Company, 18, 50 Baltimore Copper Smelting and Rolling Company , 50 Barclay, Robert Edwin, 46, 50, 77 Bell Smelter, 53 Berkeley Pit, 63, 74, 105, 108–10, 115, 119–21, 125, 126, 145, 186, 189; pit expansion, 123 Bessemer converter, 39, 40, 50, 54–57, 214n53 Black copper, 2, 30, 40 Black oxide, 31 Black Hawk, CO, 53 Blast furnace, xvii, 2, 6, 13, 20, 21, 22, 64, 211n6; Herrshoff Blast Furnace, 43, 44; in Michigan , 25; in Montana, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 146; in Tennessee, 38, 40, 43, 44, 45, 47, 51 Blister copper, 2, 23, 40, 50, 59 Block Caving, 63, 108, 109, 225n21 Index 268 Boliden Intertrade, 70, 85 Bosh, 20, 21, 59 Boston, MA, 18, 24, 25, 36, 37, 53 Boston and Butte Mining Company, 53, 63 Boston and Colorado Smelter, 53 Boston and Montana Copper and Silver Mining Company, 53, 55, 56, 63 British Petroleum (BP), 183 Bronze, xix, 2, 5 Brovallius, 6 Bruckner Cylinder, 57 Bruckner Roaster, 54, 56 Buena Vista mine, 94 Buffalo, NY, 32, 35, 55 Bureau of Land Management, 12 Burra Burra Mine, 39, 42, 43, 68, 82, 86 Burra Charter, xvi Butte, MT, xviii, 4, 22, 50, 52–55, 58, 63,64, 82, 151–54, 158, 159, 167, 168, 181, 182, 184, 186–91, 193–96, 200. See chapter four Butte, Anaconda, and Pacific Railway, 111 Butte-Anaconda Historical Park System Master Plan, 133 Butte-Anaconda National Historic Landmark. See National Historic Landmark Butte Citizens for Preservation and Restoration , 136, 231n110 Butte Exchange Club, 120 Butte Forward, 122, 125 Butte Reduction Works, 54, 103, 132, 136–39; slag walls, 103–5, 132, 136, 137, 138, 139 Butte Smoke Ordinance, 116 Calcining furnaces, 38 California, 44, 73, 236n1 Calumet and Hecla (C&H), 32–36, 55, 107, 152, 153, 155–57, 164, 181, 200, 214n41, 232n1, 233n8 Cathode (copper), 23 Central America, 17 Central Mine, 68, 93 Chalcocite, 53 Chamber Acid, 47, 48–50, 69 Charcoal ,2, 5, 13, 31, 38, 40, 211n6, 215n59 Cherokee Nation, 37 Cherokee National Forest, 89 Cherokee Scout, 40, 42 Chile, 7, 16, 24, 63, 64, 106, 107, 109, 132, 236n2 Cities Service Corporation (CITGO), 69, 70, 71, 75, 82, 85, 110, 220n15 Civil War, 37, 38, 288 Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 76 Clark Fork, MT, 109, 126–29, 186 Clark, William, 53, 54 Clark’s Colusa Smelter, 53 Clean Air Act, xxiv, 14, 112, 209n21 Clean Water Act, xxiv, 83, 166 Cleveland, OH, 26, 27, 36, 159 Cleveland, TN, 38, 39, 68 Cleveland Rolling Mill, TN, 39 Cleveland Wrecking, 141 Cloverland Tourist Guide, 159, 161 Coal, 2, 6, 7, 13, 17, 30, 31, 42, 50, 58, 79, 114, 168, 211 Cole v. Ducktown Sulphur, Copper, & Iron Co., 44, 216n71 Colorado, 46, 53, 193, 236n1 Colorado and Montana Smelter, 53, 54 Colusa Smelter, 53 Community Involvement Plan (Ducktown), 86, 88 Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), xxv–xxvii, 83–85, 96, 113–15, 130, 134, 135, 142, 167, 168, 180, 184, 194, 195. See also Superfund Concentrate, 3, 21...