Language Attitudes in the American Deaf Community:

Index

187 Index Figures, notes, and tables are indicated by f, n, and t following page numbers. AAE. See African American English AAVE (African American Vernacular English), 16n4 adulthood, reclaiming of ethnic identity during, 4 adverbial NMS, 92, 137, 138t, 141, 143t affective NMS, 92, 107, 137, 138t, 141, 143t African American ASL, 161 African American English (AAE), 16–18, 147, 161 African Americans. See race African American Vernacular English (AAVE), 16n4 age of ASL acquisition (native and nonnative), 42, 46, 149, 150, 151 alternate guise technique, 15, 15n3 American Deaf community, 20–41 acquisition of sign language in, 20 ASL and English in, 25–30 deaf children, composition of families of, 25–26 deaf education, history of, 26–27 language attitudes, 23–24, 162 perceptions of, 38–41 signing varieties, 30–36 social groups within, 36–38, 161 standard ASL and, 22–23, 159 American School for the Deaf (ASD), 21 American Sign Language (ASL) acceptance of, 22, 25, 148 in American Deaf community, 25–30, 37 beauty scale, 78–79, 79f car, sign for, 31, 31f class divisions and, 63–64 classroom use of, 30 communication status of listener as factor in use of, 37 Deaf scale, 82–83, 82f description of, 126–35, 154. See also description of signing ASL-dominant signing, 135–41, 138t, 140t English-dominant signing, 141–44, 143t development of, 21–22 double status as prestigious and stigmatized, 159 education scale, 83–85, 84f, 153 English-dominant signing perceived as ASL, 142, 155 in evaluation study using videos, 74–76, 75f, 88, 153–54 hearing scale, 83, 84f history of, 21, 25–27, 148 intelligence scale, 85, 85f, 153 leadership scale, 81–82, 81f marginal role in English-based curriculum, 40 misconceptions about, 27 negative values of, 40–41 number of native or near-native signers in U.S. using, 25 in perception study using videos, 50–51, 51t, 54–57, 55t, 56f, 57t Pledge of Allegiance, 32, 36f positive values of, 40 prestige of, 148, 159–60 purity scale, 77–78, 78f SEE2 borrowing from, 31 standardization of, 22–23, 157, 158, 162 multiple standards, 161–62 word order of ASL, 139, 140t Hill BM_Pgs 165-194.indd 187 11/14/2012 9:48:21 AM 188 : index American Sign Language Teachers Association (ASLTA), 39 Ameslan, 22n6 Anthony, David, 30 ASL. See American Sign Language ATLAS.ti, 90 attitude object, 23 Baugh, J., 16 Bayley, R., 5 beauty scale, 78–79, 79f bilingual education, controversy over, 5 bilingualism Breton not considered as second language, 7 majority and minority languages. See majority vs. minority languages Black ASL, 161 blacks. See race Bornstein, Harry, 30 Breton language, 7 Canadian dialect of English, 14 Carrasco, R. L., 11 Casterline, Dorothy, 21 Chicano teachers in cultural immersion program, study of, 11–12 class divisions, 63–64 classifiers, 96, 97f, 99, 100f, 102, 103f, 105, 107, 108f, 110, 114, 118 ASL-dominant signers, 139, 140t English-dominant signers, 143t cochlear implants, 30 code-switching, 6–7, 94, 109, 111 college education. See educational attainment contact signing, 33–34, 37, 39, 50, 74, 158 content as most important aspect of speech, 151 correctness of regional dialects, 10, 11 self-correction, 101 of signing, 158–59 covert prestige, 2, 147–48 creoles, 7–9 Croatian language, 13, 18, 19 Croneberg, Carl, 21, 22 culture, defined, 20 Deaf culture, 21 Deaf education in U.S. current status of, 26–27 language instruction linked to language acquisition, 40, 149 mainstreaming. See mainstream education modes of communication (2000– 2001), 29–30, 29t residential schools, 28, 29 school types. See schooling special schools, 23, 28 Deaf/hearing dichotomy in culture, 162–63 deafness as audiological condition, 21 number of deaf and hard of hearing children in U.S., 27 as physical disability, 20 Deaf or hearing status of siblings, 48, 48t Deaf parents of deaf children, 46–48, 47t, 149 Deaf persons defined in terms of American Deaf community, 36 stereotypical use of term “Deaf,” 145, 160 Deaf President Now! movement (1988), 148 Deaf scale, 82–83, 82f declarative sentences, 92, 137, 141–42 description of signing, 42, 88–146, 150, 154–55 ASL-dominant signing, 135–41, 138t, 140t data collection, 94–125 form used in study, 175–77 signer 1, 95–98, 97f signer 2, 98–102, 99–101f signer 3, 102–5, 103f Hill BM_Pgs 165-194.indd 188 11/14/2012 9:48:21 AM Index : 189 signer...