From Integration to Inclusion: A History of Special Education in the 20th Century

Index

286 Index adaptive behavior, 92, 104, 106, 165 Albee studies, 150 Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf, 43, 194, 208, 273, 276 Alpha test. See Army tests ameliorative programs. See early childhood special education American Association for Gifted Children, 276 American Association of Instructors of the Blind, 272 American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 272 American Association of Mental Deciency, 110 American Association of Mental Retardation, 165, 168, 194, 272 American Association to Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf. See Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf American Association of Social Workers, 275 American Association for the Study of the Feeble-Minded, 57, 93, 194 American Asylum for the Education and Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons, 271; Gallaudet, T. H., 6, 7, 10, 189; oral method and, 30; students of, 8, 9, 14; success of, 10, 12, 155; teacher training for, 189, 271 American Breeders Association, 65, 66, 73, 274; Bell, A. G., 43; sterilization, 62 American Foundation for the Blind, 161, 275 American Printing House for the Blind, 273 American Psychiatric Association, 146, 194 American Psychological Association, 62, 93, 271 American Society for the Hard of Hearing, 275 applied behavior analysis, 151 Army tests, 62–63, 76, 93, 275; IQ, 78, 86; results of, 63, 69, 74 Aristotle, 32, 49 articulation method. See oralism Asperger, Hans, 148, 149 asylum movement, mentally ill, 4, 7, 14, 28–29 attention decit hyperactivity disorder, 131, 146, 147–49, 156, 166 Autism Spectrum Disorders, 131, 147–49, 156, 166, Ayres, Leonard, 89 Babbidge Report, 159 Bank-Mikkleson, Neils E., 107 Barr, Martin, 66, 70 Battle of the Types, 35 Beers, Clifford, 143 behavior disorders, 23, 95–96, 129–53, 166; curriculum for, 96–97; educators and, 41, 83, 89; institutions for, 108, 135–37, 152, 153; segregation, 78; special classes, 23–24, 131, 142–43, 273 Bell, A. G., 25, 31, 65, 183, 272, 273; eugenics and, 26, 31, 32, 50, 52, 73; language issues and, 32; marriage views, 67–68, 73, 76, 157, 183; oral method and, 26, 31, 34, 35, 42, 43, 183; race improvement, 48, 67; research, 53; sign language, 26, 33, 43, 157; school settings, 25, 26, 27; special education and, 185–86 Bender, Loretta, 149 Berkeley, George, 7, 49 Beta test. See Army tests Bettelheim, Bruno, 149, 276 bilingual-bicultural education, 160–61 bilingual education, 122, 128, 202, 281, 283 Index 287 Binet, Alfred, 55, 75, 87, 273, 274 Binet Measuring Scale of Intelligence, 55, 87, 94, 274, 275; Stanford revision, 62, 86, 93, 172–73; Vineland revision, 56, 62, 274 blind: braille, xi, 36, 162, 163, 275; curriculum and, 9, 10, 12–13, 18; day schools for, 26, 27, 162; education, 9, 12–13; institutions, 14, 35–36, 189, 191; legislation, 116; print methods, 4, 36; special classes, 27, 82, 162, 163, 275; teacher training for, 191; teachers, 188, 189, 191 Blueler, Eugene, 148, 274 Board of Education v. Rowley, 122 Boston Day School for Deaf Mutes. See Horace Mann School Boston Disciplinary Day School, 135, 271 Bradley, Charles, 147 braille system, xi, 36, 162, 163, 275 brain-injured child, 179 Bridgman, Laura, 13 Brigham, Carl C., 69, 94, 104 Broca, Paul, 177 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), 121, 276 Buck v. Bell (1927), 71, 72 Canada, institutions, 18; special classes, 79, 101 Canadian National Committee for Mental Hygiene, 275 Canadian National Institute for the Blind, 275 Carlin, John, 9 Carnegie Foundation, 62, 65 Cattell, James Mc., 54–55, 75 Central Institute for the Deaf, 189, 190 child guidance clinics. See psychological clinics childhood schizophrenia, 148–49, 166, 273, 274 child labor laws, 78, 82, 103, 152 Children’s Aid Society, 138, 273 child study movement, 85–86 Civil Rights Act (1964), 105 Clark Institution/School for Deaf Children, 31, 43, 189, 272, 273 Clerc, Laurent, 7, 11, 184 cochlear implants, 160 colony models, 15, 40–41 Columbia Institution for the Deaf. See Gallaudet University Combined Method, 34, 35, 42 common schools, 41, 77, 141, 187; curriculum for, 21, 22–23, 157, 160, 183; development of, 20–23; enrollment, 22, 81, 84 Commonwealth Fund, 62 compulsory education, 71, 81–83, 142, 271, 274; segregated classrooms and, 84, 102–3; supplemented by, 152 Condillac, Abbe, 3, 213 Convention of American Instructors of the Deaf, 194, 271 continuum of educational placements, 120 Council for Exceptional Children, 94, 181, 196– 97, 275, 276; Farrell, E., 94; segregation, 102 crippled children. See orthopedic disabilities cult of curability, 16, 38 culture-fair...