Genetics, Disability, and Deafness

INDEX

223 INDEX abortion: attitudes toward, 121–22; deliberative democracy and, 210–11; for hearing status, 139–41; prenatal diagnosis and, 128–29, 135–37, 208–9, 219n1 Abrams v. United States, 182 Abu-Loghod, A., 158 Abu-Shara Deaf community. See Bedouin Deaf community age-related hearing loss, 81, 89 Alport syndrome, 83 American Breeders Association (ABA), 38–39 American Medical Association (AMA), 143 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (1990), 217 amniocentesis, 139 anxiety gene, 8–9, 12–13 Armour, Robert, 47 Asad, Talal, 154 assortative mating, 98–101, 103 Authorization for the Destruction of Life Unworthy of Life (Hoche and Binding), 75 autonomy, 47–48, 102–3 autosomal dominant deafness, 85–86 autosomal recessive deafness: connexin 26 gene, 85, 116; gene frequency changes, 99, 100; statistics, 97–98; in syndromic deafness, 113–15 Ballier, Wilhelm, 73 Bedouin Deaf community: about, 148–51; consanguinity, 151–52, 155–58; integrated signing community, 152–54; sociopolitical setting, 151–52, 158; stigma in, 161, 166–67; traditional vs. medical explanations, 149–51, 154–66, 168–69; women’s issues, 156–58, 160–61, 163–64 Page numbers in italics indicate figures or illustrations. 224 83, 111–13, 115–16; syndromic deafness, 83, 112–15; traditional vs. medical explanations, 149–51, 154–66, 168–69 causes of disabilities, 26–27, 62n5 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 204 Clerc, Laurent, 48, 65n30 cloning, 211–15 CMV (cytomegalovirus), 96 cochlear implants, 89 Collins, Francis, 204 connexin 26 gene: about, 85, 97–100, 111; importance, 120–21; nonsyndromic deafness, 115–16 connexin 30 gene, 116 consanguinity, 151–52, 155–58 cross-cultural studies: about, 23–25; Bengkala, Bali, 100; Martha’s Vineyard, 29, 152–54; modernization and, 29–30; social beliefs, 25–29. See also Bedouin Deaf community Crying Hands (Biesold), 74, 76, 77n10 cytomegalovirus (CMV), 96 Darwin, Charles, 2, 5–6, 14, 19–20 Davenport, Charles Benedict, 38–39 Davis, Lennard, 198 Deaf-Deaf marriages: A. G. Bell’s view, 36–37, 42–47, 54–60, 101–2; connexin gene frequency and, 98–100; Deaf-hearing comparison, 51–52, 67n45, 68n52; eugenics and, 44, 60–61; prevention, 44–45, 47, 55–56, 63–64n17, 66n40; Sanders-Swett Bell, Alexander Graham: on DeafDeaf marriages, 36–37, 42–47, 54–60, 101–2; eugenics and, 35–41; Memoir Upon the Formation of a Deaf Variety of the Human Race, 36–37 Bell, Buck v., 174–75, 182–83 Bell, Mabel Hubbard, 40, 70n80 Bengkala, Bali, 100 Berman, Marshall, 190 Bérubé, Michael, 208, 211 Biesold, Horst, 74, 76, 77n10 Binding, Karl, 75 bioethics, 211–15 biological determinism, 8–14 biotechnology, 211–15 Blackburn, Elizabeth, 213–14 Blade Runner, 207 Blank Slate, The (Pinker), 12 Boas, Frank, 15 Bourdieu, P., 163–64 Bowen, Catherine Drinker, 182 British Deaf Association (BDA), 143–44 Brown, Thomas, 57 Brunger, J.W., 138 Buck v. Bell, 174–75, 182–83 Burleigh, Michael, 75 Burlington Northern Railroad, 208 causes of deafness: connexin 26 gene, 85, 97–100, 111, 115–16, 120–21; connexin 30 gene, 116; Fay’s data importance, 95–96, 103–4; genetic, 83–89, 111–16; Khulf (marking), 164–66; maternal fright, 58, 167, 171n18; nonsyndromic deafness, Index 225 INDEX case study, 56–60; statistics, 48–50, 66n39; terminology, 45–46, 64n21; transnational dialogues, 42–53 Deaf education, 45–47, 76 Deaf educators, 43–44, 51, 53–56, 66n40 Deaf-hearing marriages, 51–52, 67n45, 68n52 deafness, causes of: connexin 26 gene, 85, 97–100, 111, 115–16, 120–21; connexin 30 gene, 116; Fay’s data importance, 95–96, 103–4; genetic, 83–89, 111–16; Khulf (marking), 164–66; maternal fright, 58, 167, 171n18; nonsyndromic deafness, 83, 111–13, 115–16; syndromic deafness, 83, 112–15; traditional vs. medical explanations, 149–51, 154–66, 168–69 democracy, deliberative, 203, 209–11, 214–15, 217 “Democracy vs. the Melting Pot” (Kallen), 6–7, 14 determinism, genetic, 8–14 DFNB3 gene, 100 Dick, Philip, 207 dignity, 176–78, 183–84 disabilities: causes, 26–27, 62n5; modernization and, 29–30; social beliefs about, 29–30, 149–51, 154–56, 168–69. See also Americans with Disabilities Act Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (Dick), 207 Dougherty, George, 46, 52 Douglas, Mary, 162 Douglas, Stephen, 219n1 Down syndrome, 209, 210–11, 219n1 education, Deaf, 45–47, 76 educators of Deaf students, 43–44, 51, 53–56, 66n40 Elshtain, Jean Bethke, 211, 218–19n1 ethics: autonomy and, 102–3; cloning, 211–13, 215...