Illusions of Equality: Deaf Americans in School and Factory, 1850-1950

Index

Index Page references in italics indicate photographs. ADA. See Americans with Disabilities Act African Americans: in Akron, Ohio, 77; Civilian Conservation Corps and, 94; Civil Service inclusionary trends and, 37; employment in war industries, 114; War Manpower Commission and, 115 African Americans, deaf: discrimination in education, xv, 7, 8–9, 17, 87–88; employment discrimination, 17, 87–88, 101; Gallaudet College and, 134n. 36, 182n. 104; in postwar deaf associations, 128; schools for, 133n. 28; war-time employment and, 113 African American women: discrimination and, 87–88 agriculture, 11–12, 70 Akron, Ohio: Ben Schowe on, 126; Great Depression and, 92; rubber industry and deaf workers in, 67–68, 69, 76–83, 108–11, 159n. 48, 160n. 62; ‘‘Silent Colony’’ in, 67–68, 79, 81–82; Work Progress Administration and, 94–95. See also Firestone Corporation; Goodyear Aircraft Corporation; Goodyear Corporation Akron Beacon Journal, 77 Alabama: employment of deaf students , 112 Allen, William, 93 Amateau, Albert, 72–73 American Annals of the Deaf, 11, 15, 45, 124 American Deaf Citizen, 88 205 American Federation of the Physically Handicapped (AFPH), 114; deaf community and, 116–18; defeat of Sparkman’s proposals and, 124; Kelly Committee hearings and, 118; Michigan Disability Employment Act and, 121–22; National Association of the Deaf and, 118; President ’s Council on Employment of the Handicapped and, 122–23 American Industrial Journal, 72 American School for the Deaf, 2–4, 17, 86 American Sign Language, xiii, 129n. 1. See also sign language Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 128, 158n. 38 Anderson, Thomas, 95, 100, 117, 118, 126; conflict with Paul Strachan, 104–8; Kelly Committee and, 120; proposed alliances with disabled persons and, 103–4 antidiscrimination legislation: proposals for, 73, 83–84 articulation, 20; deaf criticism of, 29. See also oralism associations. See deaf associations auto industry: employment of deaf workers in, 74–76, 83. See also Ford Motor Company Automatic Electric Company, 73–74 autonomous deaf communities: proposals for, 10–11 Ayers, Kreigh, 79, 94–95, 108 Barnes, Harvey, 104, 116 Baynton, Douglas, C., 142n. 27 206 Index Bell, Alexander Graham, 20, 24 Beveridge, Albert, 43 bilingualism, xiii Bjorlee, Ignatius, 93, 105 Black, John, 37, 46 Blake, Thomas, 83 Boatner, Edmund, 86, 120 Booth, Edmund, 11 Boyd, Hypatia, 13–14 Bridgeport, Conn., 83 Brown, Thomas, 10 Bryan, William Jennings, 47 Bureau of Labor Statistics, 124 Burnes, Byron, 86 CAID. See Convention of American Instructors of the Deaf California: deaf workers in, 113 California Association for the Deaf, 65 Campbell, William, 58 Carlin, John, 5, 7, 9 CCC. See Civilian Conservation Corps CEASD. See Conference of Executives and Administrators of Schools for the Deaf census: of 1890, 138nn. 79, 83; of 1930, 163n. 1 Chicago: deaf workers in, 73–74 CIO. See Congress of Industrial Organizations Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 92–94 Civil Service: conditions barring persons from examination, 147n. 6; inclusionary trends in, 38–39; number of deaf employed by, 147n. 14 Civil Service discrimination: deaf campaign against, 37–51; exclusion of deaf workers, 15–17, 36–39; rationales for, 43–44 Clapp, Moses, 63–64 Clarke, Francis, 7, 54 Clarke Institution for Deaf Mutes, 23– 24, 29 Clerc, Laurent, 2–3, 11, 28 Cloud, James, 59, 65 colleges, 127; founding of, 7–8. See also education; Gallaudet College ‘‘combined instruction,’’ 24, 141n. 17 comics, 86 communities: autonomous, 10–11. See also deaf community Companion, 116 Conference of Executives and Administrators of Schools for the Deaf (CEASD), 54 Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 121, 178n. 54 Conkling, Roy, 88, 117–18 Connecticut: deaf workers in, 112 Convention of American Instructors of the Deaf (CAID), 5, 23, 32, 34, 60, 125; opposition to Civil Service discrimination , 42; proposal for labor bureaus in schools, 54; proposals for national deaf labor bureau and, 64; sign language and, 22 Corey, Ruby, 110 Cowles, William, 70 Crammatte, Alan, 116–20 Crouter, Albert, 29–30, 32 Currier, E. Henry, 33 Darwinism, 26–27 Davidowitz, David, 96 Deaf American, 41 deaf associations: in campaign to end Civil Service discrimination, 41–42; deaf activism and, 128; defense of, 22; Great Depression and, 91–92; hearing community’s opposition to, 20–21; proposals to broaden, 12. See also individual associations and societies Index 207 deaf community: in Akron, Ohio, 67– 68, 69, 76–83, 108–11; American Federation of the Physically Handicapped and, 117–18, 125–26; Americans with Disabilities Act and, 128; antidiscrimination legislation and, 85; bilingualism and, xiii; campaigns for state...