Notes
Notes Notes to Preface 1 “Forgotten Cemeteries,” Sudbury Star, October 7, 2006, A1 and A6; and “Tales of Lives Lived,” Northern Life, August 2, 2005, 3. Of these cemeteries, twenty-three are currently owned by the City of Greater Sudbury. 2 Floyd Laughren, Constellation City: Building a Community of Communities in Greater Sudbury, Report of the Greater Sudbury Community Solutions Team (Sudbury, ON: City of Greater Sudbury 2007), 7. 3 Ibid., 12. Notes to Chapter 1 1 K.D. Card et al., “The Sudbury Structure: Its Regional Geological and Geophysical Setting,” in The Geology and Ore Deposits of the Sudbury Structure, ed. E.G. Pye, A.J. Naldrett, and P.E. Giblin (Toronto, ON: Ontario Geological Survey, Special Volume 1, 1984), 26–43. The complexity is also apparent in Don H. Rousell and G. Heather Brown, eds., A Field Guide to the Geology of Sudbury, Ontario, Open File Report 6243 (Sudbury, ON: Ontario Geological Survey, 2009). 2 Environmental determinism was a doctrine whose adherents claimed that human activities are controlled by the natural environment. This point of view attracted many advocates, including Griffith Taylor, a distinguished geographer who taught at the University of Toronto and who used Sudbury as a case example of physical determinism. After the First World War, this doctrine was increasingly replaced by “possibilism,” a principle that relegated the physical environment to a secondary role. 3 Guochun Zhao et al., “A Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Supercontinent: Assembly, Growth and Breakup,” Earth-Science Reviews 67 (2004): 93. 4 Nick Eyles, Ontario Rocks: Three Billion Years of Environmental Change (Markham, ON: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 2002), 88–89. 5 J.P. Golightly, “The Sudbury Igneous Complex as an Impact Melt: Evolution and Ore Genesis,” in Proceedings of the Sudbury-Noril’sk Symposium, ed. P.C. Lightfoot and A.J. Naldrett (Toronto, ON: Ontario Geological Survey, Special Volume 5, 1994), 105–17. 6 Card, “The Sudbury Structure,” 41. 7 An accounting of the geology and scenery of this part of Ontario is found in J.A. Robertson and K.D. Card, Geology and Scenery: North Shore of Lake Huron Region, Geological Guidebook No. 4 (Toronto, ON: Ontario Division of Mines, Ministry of Natural Resources, 1972), 1–224. 8 J.V. Guy-Bray, introduction to New Developments in Sudbury Geology, Special Paper Number 10, ed. J.V. Guy-Bray (Ottawa, ON: Geological Association of Canada 1972), 1–5. 9 E.C. Speers, “The Age Relation and Origin of the Common Sudbury Breccia,” Journal of Geology 65 (1957): 513. Notes to Chapter 1 301 10 Bevan M. French, “Shock-Metamorphic Features in the Sudbury Structure Ontario: A Review,” in Guy-Bray, New Developments in Sudbury Geology, 26. 11 K.O. Pope, S.W. Kieffer, and D.E. Ames, “Empirical and Theoretical Comparisons of the Chicxulub and Sudbury Impact Structures,” Meteoritics & Planetary Science 39, no. 1 (2004): 97. 12 R.A.F. Grieve, “The Sudbury Structure: Additional Constraints on its Origin and Evolution,” Abstracts of the 25th Lunar Planetary Science Convention, Houston, TX, March 14–18 (1994), 477. Others have estimated that there might be up to 35 000 cubic kilometres of melt. 13 William D. Addison et al., “Discovery of Distal Ejecta from the 1850 Ma Sudbury Impact Event,” Geology 33, no. 3 (2005): 193–96; see also the Earth Impact Database (Impact Structures sorted by age and diameter; accessed August 28, 2012), http://www.passc.net/ Earth Impact Database. 14 Robert Bell, “Report on the Sudbury Mining District (1888–1890),” Geological Survey of Canada, Annual Report, n.s. 5 (1891), pt. 1, 5F–95F. 15 P.E. Giblin, “History of Exploration and Development of Geological Studies and Development of Geological Concepts,” in The Geology and Ore Deposits of the Sudbury Structure, 1: 3–23. 16 See A.E. Barlow, “Report on the Origin, Geological Relations and Composition of the Nickel and Copper Deposits in the Sudbury Mining District, Ontario, Canada,” Geological Survey of Canada, Annual Report, n. 873 (1904), 1–236; and Barlow, “On the Origin and Relations of the Nickel and Copper Deposits of Sudbury, Ontario, Canada,” Economic Geology 1 (1906): 454–66. 17 Robert S. Dietz, “Sudbury Structure as an Astrobleme,” Journal of Geology 72 (1964): 412–34; also see Dietz, “Sudbury Structure as an Astrobleme,” Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 43 (1962): 445–46. 18 Guy-Bray, New Developments in Sudbury Geology, 1–5. 19 Don H. Rousell, Harold T. Gibson, and Ian R. Jonasson, “The Tectonic, Magmatic and Mineralization History of the Sudbury Structure,” Exploration and Mining Geology 6, n...
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