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399 index Page numbers in italic type indicate illustrations, maps, and tables. Act of Emancipation of 1833, 357 Adams, David, 198, 204–5, 262 Advisory Board Regulations Act of 1940, 222–23 Advisory Council. See Trades Union Advisory Council Africa, 24, 25, 26, 64, 66, 68–70, 89 “Africa for the Africans” (slogan), 24 African Americans, 26, 65 African-descent Jamaicans. See Black Jamaicans ; Skin color Agriculture. See Farms and farmworkers Agriculture minister (Jamaica), 345, 346 Aitken, P. A. (Madam DeMena), 153 Allan, Harold, 39, 289, 347, 349, 355 Alves, Alexander Bain, 115 Anansi (trickster), 177 Anderson, Oswald E., 77–87; as Advisory Council member, 153; on colonial race hatred, 65, 77, 83; constitutional change and, 304; critics of, 84–85; resignation/ mass meeting support for, 83; winning of by-election by, 85, 86 Anglicans, 73–74, 89 Anglo-American Caribbean Commission, 336 Annotto Bay, 33 Antigua, 22 Armitage, James A., 134 Arnett, Vernon, 177–78, 239–40, 257, 258, 259, 299, 326 Artisans’ Union, 115 Ashenheim, Leslie, 230, 232 Ashenheim, Lewis, 108 Aspinall, Mrs. (English resident), 72–73 Assembly. See House of Assembly Atheism, 348 Atlantic slave trade. See Slavery Attlee, Clement, 30–31, 277 Attorney general, 15 Augier, Roy, 6 Bahamas, 22, 291 Bailey, Amy, 79, 80, 84 Banana industry, 75, 155, 157, 180; Bustamante-called general strike and, 148–51; economic problems of, 105; Maritime Union and, 124; Panama disease effects on, 105; strikes, 9, 55, 57, 59, 60, 116; unionization and, 117, 118; women workers and, 127 Bank jobs, 79, 80 Bank of Nova Scotia, 80 Baptists, 29, 75, 91 Barbados, 22, 93, 291 Barker, R. B., 354 Barrant, Isaac, 345–46 Bedward, Alexander, 23–24 Bedwardite movement, 24 Beggars, 30 Bermuda, 291 Bernard, Aggie, 127 Bethune, Walter C., 270 Bible, 25, 173 Bicameral legislature, 295, 296, 299, 303, 305. See also House of Representatives Bigenot, S., 174; “Bustamante Anthem,” 174–75 BITU. See Bustamante Industrial Trade Union Black Jamaicans: anthem of, 25; at bottom of shade hierarchy, 58, 84; challenges to status quo by, 66–67; cultural impact of, 288; demographic dominance of, 14, 14; discontent of, 9, 64, 68; discrimination against (see Racial discrimination); 400 | Index English misinformation about, 72–74; ethnic Jamaicans’ prejudice against, 329; first political party for (see United Negro Party); Garveyism and, 23–27, 42, 43, 45, 46, 65–66, 86, 120; government-sponsored miscegenation program proposed for, 71; improved conditions after 1938 for, 85–86; inferior status of, 14, 23, 68, 70, 71, 357; labor rebellion of 1938 and (see Labor rebellion ); leadership roles and, 44; legacy of slavery and, 64, 88–90, 102, 341, 362; loyalty to British Crown of, 75, 89, 91; of mixed-race ancestry, 13, 26, 44, 45; party politics and, 329, 336, 348, 351; political equality and, 345; population growth of, 13–14, 25; postemancipation generation of, 23–24; racial consciousness and, 23–25, 43, 65–66; relations with white Jamaican residents of, 85; resentment of Chinese entrepreneurs by, 49, 57, 60; Richards’s unjust treatment of, 260; rising middle class among, 23, 26, 73, 357; stereotypical constructs of, 29, 64–65, 68–77; strikers’ demands and, 142; Universal Negro Improvement Association impact on, 45–46. See also Race; Racism; Skin color Blacklock, Mary, 93 Black pride movements, 23–27, 45, 65–66 Blake, Evon, 43, 44, 46, 127, 195 Blanshard, Paul, 305–6, 336–37, 338, 341, 347, 349, 351, 352 Board of Concilation. See Conciliation Board Bradshaw, Edgar, 84 Bradshaw, Thomas, 147–48, 180 Brinton, Henry, 277 Britain: Bustamante complaint letters to, 9, 29–31, 32, 204–5; Bustamante’s internment and, 198, 199, 211; Domingo’s internment and, 259, 260, 262–63; free expression tradition of, 227, 351; Jamaican labor rebellion reactions in, 39–40, 57, 63; justice system of, 201–2, 203, 204–5, 360; Labour Party in, 30, 204, 211, 242, 260, 262, 273, 277, 310; low sugar prices in, 40, 105; nineteenth-century workhouses of, 267; Parliament of (see British Parliament ); per capita income in, 15; racial views and, 29, 64–77; trade unionism in, 93, 198, 269; Trade Union Law (1919) of, 98, 116, 269; World War II and, 183, 201, 232, 259, 261, 264, 307–8 British Empire: Bustamante’s loyalty to, 183, 188, 200–205, 228, 235–36, 305–6, 360; colonialism’s cardinal principle and, 113; colonial secretary for (see Secretary of state for the colonies); Crown colony status and, 9–10, 282, 288, 290; Daily Gleaner defense of, 280, 287–89; Defense Regulations...

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