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ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book is immeasurably better than it could have been because of the guidance I got as a graduate student. I had extraordinary support at Yale, especially from Glenda Gilmore. As a scholar, a writer, and a teacher, she is a model and an inspiration. She was a source of voluminous feedback and frank advice, as well as a constant source of encouragement. I learned over time that if I had a question or a problem, she would usually have an answer of some sort back to me within hours. It’s hard to overemphasize what a difference it made during some very solitary stretches of research and writing to know that she was available, if I needed her, to nudge me in the right direction. Dan Kevles supported this project from the very beginning , even before I fully realized that what I had on my hands was a book topic. He has been a rock for me, both when I was in graduate school and as a professor myself, and there was more than one time when a kind word from him gave me an injection of confidence just when I needed it most. He has been extraordinarily generous with his time and his thoughts, and I am grateful to count him as a friend. Jay Winter was indispensable , always pushing my ideas and encouraging me to think more broadly about my topic. His advice and constructive criticism made the project much stronger than it would have been otherwise. Seth Fein’s enthusiasm , warmth, and boundless intellectual energy were also a great boon to this project. His high standards of academic excellence would have been daunting if not for his seemingly limitless willingness to work with me until I met them. It was also wonderful to have David Blight’s support; he brought many new insights to the project, often encouraging me to trace what I had thought of as strictly twentieth-century phenomena back to their nineteenth-century roots. I am also extremely grateful for the help of other friends and mentors from my time as a graduate student at Yale. Thank you to Jean-Christophe Agnew, Ted Bromund, Bruno Cabanes, Michael Denning, Laura Englestein , John Faragher, Paul Freedman, Joanne Freeman, Beverly Gage, Valerie Hansen, Paul Kennedy, Bettyann Kevles, Ben Kiernan, Sue Lederer, John Merriman, Kevin Repp, Jim Scott, Tim Snyder, and Chuck Walton. And thank you to the many staff members in Yale’s history department x / Acknowledgments who helped to make my time there happier and more productive, including Caryn Carson, Wanda Figueroa-Amaro, Carolyn Fitzgerald, Liza Joyner, Marcy Kaufman, Dana Lee, Barbara McKay, and the late Florence Thomas. This book is much stronger than it ever would have been as a result of the extensive advice—sometimes tough to take, but usually right—that I received as part of a writing group in graduate school. My sincere thanks and affection to Adam Arenson, Gretchen Heefner, Theresa Runstedtler, Jenifer Van Vleck, and Erin Wood. Jen, in particular, has been a source of unparalleled support throughout. She worked in archives and libraries with me in three states and two continents, she read more of the manuscript than any other friend, and she always provided insightful and farreaching comments. I am deeply grateful for her thoughts, encouragement , and friendship. Thanks also to Charles Lansing, Lindsay O’Neill, Johanna Ransmeier, and Emily Setina, friends who worked alongside me day in and day out during months of writing, and who transformed what could have been a miserable stretch into one that was fun as well as productive. I’m exceptionally thankful for the wonderful support I got from friends throughout my time at graduate school. Thank you to Kathleen Belew, Daniel Brueckenhaus, Gerry Cadava, Kate Cambor, Sarah Cameron, Haydon Cherry, Rachel Chrastil, Amanda Ciafone, Sahr Conway-Lanz, Caitlin Crowell, Helen Curry, Nandini Deo, Catherine Dunlop, Marco Duranti, Katie Scharf Dykes, Joe Fronczak, Dan Gilbert, Blake Gilpin, Alison Greene, Julia Guarneri, Gisela Guerenstein, Robert Goree, Faith Hillis, Khurram Hussain, Tammy Ingram, Julia Irwin, Michael Jo, Scott Kleeb, Andy Knight, Eden Knudsen, Adriane Lentz-Smith, Grace Leslie, Ken Loiselle , Jake Lundberg, Rebecca McKenna Lundberg, Catherine McNeur, Mike Morgan, Aaron O’Connell, Todd Olszewski, Julie May Pepinsky, Tom Pepinsky, Isaac Reed, Laura Robson, Dana Schaffer, Sam Schaffer, Camilla Schofield, Gene Tempest, George Trumbull, Farzin Vejdani, Jason Ward, Wendy Warren, Julie Weise, and Molly Worthen. I’m also very grateful for the support I’ve received from other friends throughout...

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