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265 Notes abbreviations used in notes CRR Correspondence and Reports of the Reyniers GA Georgia Archives, Morrow, Ga. MA Moravian Archives, Bethlehem, Pa. MHD Marienborn-Herrnhaag Diarium MHGT Marienborn-Herrnhaag Gemein-Tage UAH Unity Archives, Herrnhut, Germany introduction 1. The details of the marriage festivities described here were reconstructed primarily from Jean-François Reynier’s description of his marriage, printed in Volck, Das Entdeckte Geheimnis der Bosheit der Herrnhutischen Secte, 46–47; entry for 25 March 1740, R.8.33a.3a. and 5c., MHD, UAH; and Atwood, Community of the Cross, 192. 2. Reynier’s autobiography, titled “Das Geheimnis der Zinzendorfischen Secte, oder eine Lebens-Beschreibung Johann Franz Regnier, woraus zu ersehen, was vor ein schädlich Ding es sey, sich von Menschen führen zu lassen; Geschrieben aus Mitleiden und zur Warnung, denen, die um ihrer Seelen Heil bekümmert sind,” appeared under the Germanic spelling of Reynier’s name: Johann Franz Regnier. In English translation , the title is “The Mystery of the Zinzendorfian Sect, or a Description of the Life of Johann Franz Regnier, from Which Can Be Seen How Destructive It Can Be to Let One’s Self Be Led by Men; Written with Sympathy and as a Warning to Those Who Are Concerned about Their Souls.” Johann Philip Fresenius’s collection was titled Bewährte Nachrichten von Herrnhutischen Sachen, and the autobiography can be found in vol. 1, second collection, 321–479. Hereafter it will be cited as Reynier, Autobiography. Unless otherwise noted, all translations in this book are my own. 3. Fogleman, “Transformation of the Atlantic World.” 4. For immigration into the Thirteen Colonies and the early United States, see Fogleman, “From Slaves, Convicts, and Servants to Free Passengers,” 43–76. In the 1970s, C. Vann Woodward (American Counterpoint, 5) and Peter H. Wood (Black Majority, 167–68) lamented the exclusion of African slaves from the ranks of “immigrants” and attributed it to racism and the tendency of U.S. immigration historians to begin their studies in the nineteenth century, as African immigration into the United States was ending. Now most historians agree with them. 5. All figures regarding the African slave imports in this work are calculated from Transatlantic Slave Trade Database, estimates section, accessed 2 November 2012. 266 Notes to Pages 7–23 6. See Altman and Horn, To Make America, especially p. 3, for estimates of European migrations to all of the Americas before 1800; Sánchez-Albornoz, “First Atlantic Transfer ”; and Fogleman, “From Slaves, Convicts, and Servants to Free Passengers.” 7. Curtin, Rise and Fall of the Plantation Complex; Braudel, Capitalism and Material Life. 8. Merian, Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium; Blunt, Linnaeus, 189–91, 222. For Kalm’s involvement in religious controversies in the colonies, see Fogleman, Jesus Is Female , 180. For the English translation of Kalm’s work, see Kalm, Travels into North America. 9. Fisher, “Prophesies and Revelations”; Deppermann, “Pennsylvanien als Asyl des frühen deutschen Pietismus.” 10. Bach, Voices of the Turtledoves. The colony’s barracks still exist, including the building where an important printing press was established. 11. For recent microhistories of slaves and women that have influenced Atlantic history , see Sensbach, Rebecca’s Revival; Sparks, Two Princes of Calabar; and Davis, Women on the Margins. See also Davis, Trickster Travels, which has used this approach for the Mediterranean and a part of the Atlantic; and Colley, Ordeal of Elizabeth Marsh, which has done the same on a global level. See also Cook and Cook, Good Faith and Truthful Ignorance. chapter one 1. “Ich war zwar von der Obrigkeit noch nicht verfolgt, wie sonst gewöhnlich ist, wenn man sich vom gottlosen Leben und solchen Gesellschaften entziehet; aber das tägliche Anlauffen von meinen leiblichen Verwandten suchte ich loß zu werden. . . . Ich sahe, wie ich voller Sünden war.Als ich nun sahe, daß ich ein Sünder war, und daß die Sünde mich und meinen GOtt von einander scheideten: so ging ich mit mir selbst zu rath, und versprach GOtt, daß ich mich bessern wolte.” 2. Beattie, The Alps, 103–60; Rock, Lichte und Leichte, especially pp. 101–7. 3. Beattie, The Alps, 103–60; Treves, The Lake of Geneva, 263–66. 4. Information on the Reynier family comes from Olivier, Médecine et santé dans le Pays de Vaud au XVIIIe Siècle, 1:447, 2:1035–36,2:1130–31; Haag and Haag, La France protestante, 420–26; and Registre des délibérations du Petit Conseil de Vevey, session of 15 August...

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