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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY There are hundreds of books and articles on Puerto Rico since 1898. To list the works cited in this book would take more space than we have at our disposal. Wehave selected around 250titles from those that havebeen more helpful to us and that we feel mayhelp others. We have not privileged those texts with which we agree but rather those that provide overviewsof a period or an issue and that help map out the main debates. Many provide useful references. Our own views are expressed in this book and other publications from which the reader may discern wherewe agree or disagree with any particular interpretation. Through the pages that follow, we use three abbreviations: EUPR for Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, TCP for Institute de Cultura Puertorriquena, and Centra for Centra:Journal of the Centerfor Puerto Rican Studies. The most comprehensive general history of Puerto Rico is Francisco Scarano's Puerto Rico: cinco siglos de bistoria (Bogota: McGraw Hill Interamericana, 1993). James Dietz's Economic History of Puerto Rico: Institutional Change and Capitalist Development (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986) is the best general economic history up to the 19805. His Puerto Rico:NegotiatingDevelopmentand Change (Boulder:Lynne Rienner,2003) brings the discussion to the late 19905. The classical anthropological work edited byJulian H. Steward, ThePeople of Puerto Rico (Urbana:Universityof Illinois Press,1956), is still useful as historical background and portrait of the island in the late 19405. Puerto Rico: den anos de lucba politico,, edited by Reece B. Bothwellin four volumes (SanJuan: EUPR, 1979), is a useful collection of political texts from 1876 to 1976. Puerto Rico: arte e identidad (Rio Piedras: EUPR, 1998), edited by the Hermandad de Artistas Graficos de Puerto Rico, covers the evolution of Puerto Rican art through the twentieth century. The standard reference book for Puerto Rican literature is Josefina Rivera de Alvarez, La literatura puertorriquena: suproceso en eltiempo (Madrid: Partenon, 1983), but it stops around 1980. For photographic registers of Puerto Rico's evolution, the reader maybegin with Jack Delano, Puerto Rico Mio: Four Decades of Change (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1990); Osvaldo Garcia, Fotografias para la bistoria, 1844-1952 (Rio Piedras: EUPR, 1989); and Felix V. Matos-Rodriguez and Pedro J. Hernandez, Pioneros: Puerto Ricans in New York City, 181)6-11)48 (Charleston, S.C.:Arcadia, 2001). The reader mayapproach economic and social evolution and struggles in Puerto Rico during the nineteenth century by consulting Francisco Scarano, Sugar and Slavery in Puerto Rico: ThePlantation Economy of Ponce, 1800-1850 (Madison: Universityof Wisconsin Press, 1984); Manuel Moreno Fraginals, Frank Moya Pons, and Stanley L. Engerman, eds., Between Slavery and Free Labor: The Spanish-Speaking Caribbean in the NineteenthCentury (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985);Joseph C. Dorsey, Slave Traffic in the Age of Abolition: Puerto Rico, West Africa, and the Non-Hispanic Caribbean, 1815-1859 (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2003); Luis A. Figueroa, Sugar, Slavery and Freedom in Nineteenth-Century Puerto Rico (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005); Laird Bergad, Coffee and the Growth of Agrarian Capitalism in Nineteenth-Century Puerto Rico (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983); Fernando Pico, Libertady servidumbre en elPuerto Rico del sigloXIX: losjornaleros uluadenos en visperas del auge del cafe (Rio Piedras: Huracan, 1979); and Sidney W. Mintz, "The History of a Puerto Rican Plantation ," in his Caribbean Transformations (Chicago: Aldine, 1974). The debates on social, economic, and political issues linked to the questions of slavery and the search for liberal reforms may be explored beginning with Silvia Alvarez Curbelo , Un pat's del porvenir: el afdn de modernidad en Puerto Rico (Siglo XIX) (San Juan: Ediciones Callejon, 2001), and Christopher Schmidt-Nowara, Empire and Antislavery: Spain, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, 1833-1874 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1999). The best introduction to the Grito de Lares is Francisco Moscoso, La revolucion puertorriquena de 1868: el Grito de Lares (San Juan: TCP, 2003). The history of the separatist movement is told in German Delgado Pasapera, Puerto Rico: sus luchas emancipadoras (1850-1898) (Rio Piedras: Editorial Cultural, 1984). The debates and issues at stake in the new territorial policy instituted through the Foraker Act and the Insular Cases are discussed in Christina Duffy Burnett and Burke Marshall, eds., Foreign in a Domestic Sense: Puerto Rico, American Expansion and the Constitution (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2001). For a brief introduction, seeJames E. Kerr, TheInsular Cases: TheRole of theJudiciary in American Expansionism (Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1982). Background...

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