NOTES Abbreviations ADAH Alabama Department of Archives and History, Montgomery CIC Commission on Interracial Cooperation Papers, Southern Historical Collection, Louis Round Wilson Library, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (microfilm edition) CUSC Special Collections, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina DUSC Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Special Collections Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina HET Herman E. Talmadge Papers, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia, Athens JCS John C. Stennis Collection, Congressional and Political Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville JTG John Temple Graves Papers, Birmingham Public Library, Birmingham, Alabama MDAH Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Jackson MSUSC Special Collections, Mitchell Memorial Library, Mississippi State University, Starkville NAACPP Papers of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (microfilm edition) NARA National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland RBR Richard B. Russell Papers, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia, Athens SCDAH South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia SCL South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia SCPC South Carolina Political Collections, University of South Carolina, Columbia SHC Southern Historical Collection, Louis Round Wilson Library, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill SSIC Southern States Industrial Council Records, Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville TGB Theodore G. Bilbo Papers, Special Collections, McCain Library, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg WMC William M. Colmer Papers, Special Collections, McCain Library, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg WSP Walter Sillers Papers, Charles W. Capps Archives and Museum, Delta State University, Cleveland, Mississippi 186 | Notes to Pages 1–4 Introduction 1. Armbrester, “John Temple Graves,” 203–13. 2. Graves, “The Southern Negro,” 500, 501, 505. 3. Josephus Daniels to John Temple Graves, 21 December 1942, Box 1, Folder 5, JTG. The Wilmington race riot was the most infamous event in a white supremacy campaign orchestrated by the Democratic Party in order to overthrow a biracial fusion government of black Republicans and white Populists. For more on the Wilmington race riot and the white supremacy campaign in North Carolina, see Cecelski and Tyson, Democracy Betrayed; and Gilmore, Gender and Jim Crow. For a broader overview of the white supremacy campaign across the region, see Williamson , The Crucible of Race or the abridged version, A Rage for Order; and Kantrowitz, Ben Tillman. 4. Walter Sillers to James O. Eastland, 5 February 1943, Box 98, Folder 2, WSP. 5. In delineating the “long civil rights movement,” historian Jacquelyn Dowd Hall acknowledges that a “wall of resistance” to racial change “arose in tandem with the civil rights offensive in the aftermath of World War II.” While she refutes the “backlash” narrative of white opposition, she fails to situate the origins of its opposition in the New Deal era and wartime years even as she locates the origins of the “long civil rights movement” in “the liberal and radical milieu of the late 1930s.” See Hall, “The Long Civil Rights Movement,” 1235. 6. Collins, Whither Solid South?, vii, 246, 151. 7. W. W. Ball to Fitz Hugh McMaster, 27 June 1936, Box 26, William Watts Ball Papers, DUSC. 8. Brinkley Morton to Theodore G. Bilbo, 19 November 1942, Box 1076, Folder 1, TGB. 9. In his study of the federal government’s role in southern economic development since the New Deal, Bruce Schulman has argued that the rise of the new “Whig” politicians ultimately had a moderating effect on southern race relations after 1960. Yet he notes that the “conservative, business-oriented politics” of the Whigs facilitated economic growth by discouraging interracial conflict rather than pushing for racial reform. See Schulman, From Cotton Belt to Sunbelt, 132, 211. Jennifer Brooks has argued that World War II veterans in Georgia rallied behind a conservativevision of progress that privileged economic modernization and “good government” at the expense of racial justice. See Brooks, Defining the Peace. Matthew Lassiter has also noted southern moderates’ “consistent subordination of racial equality to the priority of economic growth.” See Lassiter,The Silent Majority, 28. 10. David L. Chappell has emphasized the “fatal” divisions within the segregationist movement of the 1950s, but he does not trace them back further than the battle over school desegregation. See Chappell, “Divided Mind of Southern Segregationists ,” 46. 11. Earl and Merle Black have identified the defeat of the southern filibuster and subsequent passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act as “the turning point” in southern party politics. At the same time, they demonstrate that Southern Republican [3.92.130.77] Project MUSE (2024-03...